Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients.
| Variable | Value | No. of Patients |
|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 53 ± 8 | 29 |
| Male/gender, n (%) | 22 (75.9) | 29 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.8 ± 5.6 | 29 |
| GFR (ml/min) | 104.2 ± 32 | 25 |
| Duration of symptoms before enrollment (months) | 12 (6–60) * | 29 |
| NYHA class, n (%) | 29 | |
| II | 4 (13.79) | |
| III | 19 (65.52) | |
| IV | 6 (20.69) | |
| iDCM, n (%) | 13 (46.4) | 28 |
| Cardiac parameters | ||
| Permanent atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 8 (27.59) | 29 |
| LVEF (%) | 28.28 ± 11.44 | 29 |
| LVEDD (cm) | 6.5 (6.2–7.3) * | 29 |
| Average global strain | −9.97 ± 3.67 | 17 |
| Mean AoP (mmHg) | 100 ± 13 | 27 |
| Mean RAP (mmHg) | 11 (7–14) * | 29 |
| Mean PCWP (mmHg) | 19 (15–30) * | 29 |
| Mean PAP (mmHg) | 28 (21–38) * | 28 |
| Serum biomarkers | ||
| BNP (pg/mL) | 305 (56.8–1496.2) * | 28 |
| Adiponectin (µg/mL) | 10.6 (5.30–27.54) * | 28 |
| Markers of inflammation in serum | ||
| CRP (µg/mL) | 2.4 (1.3–11.5) * | 27 |
| TNF-α (pg/mL) | 8.73 (6.62–9.82) * | 28 |
| Il-6 (pg/mL) | 2.38 (2–5.14)* | 28 |
| Markers of myocardial immune infiltration (cells/mm2) | ||
| CD3+ | 9 (7–15) * | 28 |
| CD4+ | 4 (4–6) * | 28 |
| CD45ro | 6 (5–8) * | 28 |
| CD68+ | 4 (3–5) * | 28 |
| Myocardial adiponectin receptors (ng/mg) | ||
| T-cadherin | 41.160 (22.747–54.338) * | 29 |
| Medications used | ||
| Beta blockers, n (%) | 28 (96.5%) | 29 |
| ACE inhibitors, ARB blockers n (%) | 24 (82.8%) | 29 |
| Diuretics and mineralocorticoids receptor blockers, n (%) | 27 (93.1%) | 29 |
| Anticoagulation (atrial fibrillation, EF < 40%), n (%) | 16 (55.2%) | 29 |
| Antiarrhythmic (class III: amiodarone), n (%) | 4 (13.8%) | 29 |
| Cardiac resynchronization therapy | ||
| CRT | 5 (17.2%) | 29 |
| CRTd | 1 (3.4%) | 29 |
Data presented as a mean ± SD, a median (interquartile range) *, or n (%). Abbreviations: ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blockers; AoP, aortic pressure; BMI, Body mass index; BNP, B-type natriuretic protein; CD3+, T cell receptor; CD4+, T helper cell receptor; CD45ro+, memory T cell receptor; CD68+, monocyte/macrophage receptor; CRP, C-reactive protein; CRT, cardiac resynchronization therapy; CRTd, cardiac resynchronization therapy with a defibrillator; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; iDCM, inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy; IL-6, interleukin-6; LVEDD, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NYHA, New York Heart Association functional class; PAP, pulmonary artery pressure; PCWP, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure; RAP, right atrial pressure; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α.