Table 3.
Effects of low-protein diet on serum metabolites in growing goat kids.
| Variable | Crude Protein Level | SEM | p-Value 1 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 14.8% | 13.4% | 12.0% | T | L | Q | ||
| Total protein, g/L | 78.6 | 77.6 | 79.4 | 1.17 | 0.534 | 0.606 | 0.322 |
| Albumin, g/L | 34.8 | 35.7 | 35.4 | 0.41 | 0.262 | 0.253 | 0.240 |
| Globulin g/L | 43.9 | 41.9 | 43.9 | 1.21 | 0.399 | 0.997 | 0.177 |
| Blood urea nitrogen, mmol/L | 7.31 a | 6.80 b | 6.29 c | 0.253 | 0.024 | 0.160 | 0.017 |
| Glucose, mmol/L | 3.02 a | 2.86 a,b | 2.60 b | 0.067 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.504 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 2.23 | 2.54 | 2.51 | 0.112 | 0.130 | 0.093 | 0.25 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase, U/L | 85.1 | 87.9 | 90.1 | 3.60 | 0.62 | 0.33 | 0.96 |
| Alanine transaminase, U/L | 18.7 b | 19.4 a,b | 20.7 a | 0.67 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.70 |
| Alkaline phosphatase, U/L | 360 | 358 | 386 | 13.5 | 0.252 | 0.912 | 0.09 |
| Total bilirubin, μmol/L | 0.712 b | 0.780 a,b | 1.042 a | 0.0297 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| Creatinine, μmol/L | 43.8 b | 52.1 a | 52.4 a | 1.54 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.04 |
| Triglyceride, mmol/L | 0.345 | 0.329 | 0.322 | 0.0162 | 0.593 | 0.331 | 0.781 |
| High-density lipoprotein, mmol/L | 1.09 | 1.10 | 1.19 | 0.035 | 0.09 | 0.04 | 0.433 |
| Low-density lipoprotein, mmol/L | 0.846 b | 1.00 a | 0.960 a | 0.0373 | 0.0121 | 0.0339 | 0.0309 |
| Non-esterified fatty acid, mmol/L | 0.294 c | 0.399 b | 0.486 a | 0.0159 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.639 |
Means within a row with different letters differ significantly (p < 0.05). 1 T: Treatment; L: Linear; Q: Quadratic.