Table 1.
Metabolic enzymes involved in oxidative stress and energy metabolism whose increased expression correlates with neoplastic transformation, prognosis and/or chemoresistance in different tumors. BC: Breast Cancer; CRC: Colorectal Carcinoma; DLBC: Diffuse Large B cell Lymphoma; EC: Endometrial cancer; HCC: Hepatocellular Carcinoma; LC: Lung Cancer; MESO: Mesothelioma; OC: Ovarian Cancer; OS: Osteosarcoma; PC: Prostate cancer.
| Protein | Function | Tumor Type | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Thioredoxin-1 (Trx1) | Redox protein member of thioredoxin system which plays a crucial role in the cellular redox homeostasis | DLBCL | [24] |
| CRC | [107] | ||
| Thioredoxin reductase-2 (TrxR2) | Member of the family of pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductases, component of the antioxidant thioredoxin system | HCC | [108] |
| OS | [109] | ||
| LC | [110] | ||
| Peroxiredoxin 3 (Prx3) | Antioxidant enzyme with mitochondrial localization, member of the thioredoxin system |
BC | [111] |
| HCC | [112] | ||
| MESO | [113] | ||
| EC | [114] | ||
| PC | [115] | ||
| SIRT1 | NAD+-dependent protein deacetylase, plays key roles in DNA damage response and metabolic adaptation to energy stress. Along with PGC1α, is involved in chemotherapy-induced shift to OXPHOS in CRC cells | CRC | [47,116] |
| SIRT5 | NAD-dependent protein lysine demalonylase, desuccinylase and deglutarylase able to remove malonyl, succinyl, and glutaryl groups from the lysine residues of proteins |
CRC | [54] |
| Hexokinase II (HK2) | Catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose to generate glucose-6-phosphate in the first step of glycolysis. It promotes chemoresistance by enhancing cisplatin-induced autophagy |
OC | [117,118] |
| Transketolase (TKT) | Ezyme catalyzing important reaction both in the Calvin cycle and in pentose phosphate pathway | BC | [57] |