Table 3.
PCR detection of Fusarium and Aspergillus species in pre-harvest and stored maize samples using species-specific assays. The presence (+) or absence (-) of the specific PCR amplification product is indicated for each replicate (1, 2, 3).
| F. verticillioides | F. proliferatum | F. gramunearum | A. flavus | A. parasiticus | A. carbonarius | A. niger | A. welwitschiae | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SAMPLES | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| P1.FM-16 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | + | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| P2.FM-16 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | + | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| P1.FF-16 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | + | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| P2.FF-16 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | + | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| P1.PRE-16 | + | + | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | + | + |
| P2.PRE-16 | + | + | + | + | + | + | - | - | - | + | + | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | - | - | + | + | + |
| SILO-16 | + | + | + | + | + | + | - | - | - | + | + | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| P1.FM-17 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | + | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | + | + | + | - | - |
| P2.FM-17 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | + | + | - | - | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| P3.FM-17 | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | + | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| P1.FF-17 | + | + | + | + | - | - | - | - | - | + | + | + | - | - | - | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | - | - |
| P2.FF-17 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | - | - | - | - | - |
| P3.FF-17 | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | + | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| P1.PRE-17 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | + | + | + | + | - | - | - | - | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| P2.PRE-17 | + | + | + | + | + | + | - | - | - | + | + | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| P3.PRE-17 | + | - | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | + | - | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | + | + | + | + | - | + |
| SILO-17 | + | + | + | + | - | - | - | - | - | + | + | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| P2.FM-18 | + | + | + | - | - | - | + | + | + | + | + | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | + | + |
| P3.FM-18 | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | - | + | + | + | - | - | - | + | + | + | - | - | - | + | + | + |
| P4.FM-18 | - | - | - | + | - | - | + | + | + | + | + | + | - | - | - | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| P2.FF-18 | + | + | + | + | + | + | - | - | - | + | + | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| P3.FF-18 | + | + | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | + | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | - | - |
| P4.FF-18 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | + | + | - | - | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | + | + | + |
| P2.PRE-18 | + | + | + | + | + | + | - | - | - | + | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| P3.PRE-18 | + | + | + | + | + | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| P4.PRE-18 | + | + | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| SILO-18 | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | + | + |
PCR, polymerase chain reaction; (+) positive amplification and (-) no amplification. P (plot); MF (male flower); FF (female flower); PRE (pre-harvest).