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. 2020 Jan 20;10(1):176. doi: 10.3390/nano10010176

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Effects of stratification and nanopriming treatments on seed germination percentage in green alder (A), buffaloberry (B) as well as temporal variations in germination percentage in green alder (C) and buffaloberry (D). Vertical bars or line graph represent germination percentage in green alder and buffaloberry ± standard errors. Different letters show significant differences among treatments at α = 0.05. Control = no CNPs added, MWCNT–COOH = multiwall carbon nanotubes functionalized with carboxylic acid, MWCNT = multiwall carbon nanotubes, UP-con NP = up conversion nanophosphors, N = 100 plants per treatment.