Figure 3.
Virulence analysis of disruption (ΔVdAK), complementation (ΔVdAK-C), and wild-type Vd strains in N. benthamiana. (A) Symptoms on seedlings 12 days after roots were dipped in 106 spores/mL of ΔVdAK, ΔVdAK-C, or wild-type Vd (Vd wt). (B) Relative amounts of fungal DNA as determined by RT-qPCR. Means (± SE) from three independent experiments were analyzed for significant differences among treatments using Duncan’s test (p <0.05), as indicated by different letters. (C) Micrographs of fluorescing hyphae in N. benthamiana root tips at 5 dpi with Vd-GFP or ΔVdAK-GFP.