Figure 4.

Treatment with A-ITC or P-ITC decreases the depressive-like behaviors associated with chronic osteoarthritis pain. The immobility time (s) evaluated with the (A) tail suspension test (TST) and (B) forced swimming test (FST) at 29 days after MIA or SS injection in mice treated for 4 consecutive days with A-ITC or for 10 days with P-ITC is shown. For each test evaluated, * denotes significant differences vs. SS-injected mice treated with vehicle, and $ denotes significant differences vs. MIA-injected mice treated with a drug (p < 0.05; one-way ANOVA followed by the Student–Newman–Keuls test). The results are presented as the mean values ± SEM; n = 10 animals per experimental group.