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. 2020 Jan 19;9(1):84. doi: 10.3390/antiox9010084

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Effect of DP extract on inflammatory cytokines levels in the serum of STZ-induced diabetic rats. (A) Serum levels of cytokines were measured using assay kits. Data are expressed as the means ± S.D. of duplicate experiments (6 animals/group). Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD post hoc test for multiple comparisons. ** p < 0.01 compared to control group; ^# p < 0.05 and ^## p < 0.01 compared to STZ-treated group. (B) Expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and TGF-β1 was measured in the kidney of STZ-induced diabetic rats by Western blot analysis. β-Actin expression was used as the loading control. The Western blot results are representative of three separate experiments. (C) Representative immunohistochemical staining of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β1) in the kidney of STZ-induced diabetic rats. Black arrows represent TGF-β1 expression. Original magnification: 100×.