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. 2020 Jan 9;10(1):110. doi: 10.3390/ani10010110

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Mechanisms of regulating heat stress response related to follicular function within bovine ovary. Upregulated genes caspase-3, superoxide dismutase (SOD), BCL-2, and BAX, and heat shock proteins (HSPs) (HSP70, HSPA13, HMOX1) are involved in the regulating mechanism of bovine GCs via induced or inhibited cell apoptosis. Under heat stress, downregulated genes CAT and fork head box O3 (FOXO3) were involved in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Likewise, downregulation of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR) and cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 (CYP11A1) were involved in the secretion of E2 and progesterone (P4). Moreover, the decline of E2 and the enhancement of ROS might, in turn, enhance the possibility of GC apoptosis and follicle function.