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. 2020 Jan 20;12(1):240. doi: 10.3390/polym12010240

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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(A) Influence of ultrasound on the growth of bacteria: control–bacteria in media, control under U/S–bacteria in media under ultrasound; (B) Influence of the samples on bacteria in static conditions; (C) E. coli growth upon generating piezoelectricity of PVDF, PVDF-TrFE and PHB polymer films. An asterisk (*) denotes a significant statistical difference (p < 0.05) estimated by the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) between piezoelectric films and non-piezoactive samples (control and PCL films).