Table 2.

Main applications of lignin-based hydrogels.

Smart Hydrogels
Active Hydrogels
	Thermoresponsive	[63,64,65]
	pH-responsive	[66,67]
	Dual (Thermo and pH)	[68]
	Mechanically responsive	[69]
Biomedical applications
	Antibacterial	[38,72]
	Drug release	[61]
	Aroma	[73]
	Pesticide release	[74]
Water remediation
	Metals	[35,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83]
	Dyes	[85,86,87,88,89]
Supercapacitators and weareble
	Supercapacitators	[54,93,94,95]
	Wearable electronic and 3D printing	[36]