Table 2.
Characteristics of preterm infants with swallowing dysfunction.
| Infants with swallowing dysfunction (n = 23) | Infants without swallowing dysfunction (n = 22) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gestational age (week+day) | 30+4 ± 3+2 | 33 ± 2+5 | 0.010 |
| Birth weight (g) | 1595 ± 864 | 2109 ± 900 | 0.047 |
| Male, n (%) | 13 (56.5) | 15 (68.2) | 0.420 |
| SGA, n (%) | 5 (21.7) | 2 (9.1) | 0.242 |
| Apgar score at 1 min | 5.6 ± 1.9 | 5.7 ± 1.6 | 0.892 |
| Apgar score at 5 min | 7.3 ± 1.5 | 7.9 ± 1.0 | 0.116 |
| CRIB II | 5.4 ± 4.3 | 2.5 ± 1.8 | 0.004 |
| Antenatal corticosteroids, n (%) | 17 (73.9) | 14 (63.6) | 0.457 |
| Maternal GDM, n (%) | 2 (8.7) | 5 (22.7) | 0.194 |
| Maternal PIH, n (%) | 4 (17.4) | 5 (22.7) | 0.655 |
| Chorioamnionitis, n (%) | 5 (21.7) | 5 (22.7) | 0.936 |
| RDS, n (%) | 20 (87.0) | 15 (68.2) | 0.130 |
| Surfactant redosing, n (%) | 8 (34.8) | 2 (9.1) | 0.038 |
| Duration of mechanical ventilation (days) | 17 ± 24 | 5 ± 9 | 0.025 |
| Duration of invasive ventilation (days) | 14 ± 20 | 3 ± 5 | 0.015 |
| BPD, n (%) | 7 (30.4) | 3 (13.6) | 0.175 |
| BPD (moderate to severe), n (%) | 5 (21.7) | 2 (9.1) | 0.242 |
| Ligation of PDA, n (%) | 2 (8.7) | 2 (9.1) | 0.963 |
| IVH (≥grade 3), n (%) | 3 (13.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.080 |
| PVL, n (%) | 2 (8.7) | 2 (9.1) | 0.963 |
| ROP (≥stage 2), n (%) | 3 (13.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.080 |
| NEC (≥stage 2), n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | >0.99 |
| Hospital stay (days) | 78 ± 39 | 61 ± 31 | 0.108 |
| PMA at the time of MBS (week+day) | 40 ± 2+4 | 39+4 ± 2+2 | 0.586 |
SGA: small for gestational age; CRIB: clinical risk index for babies; GDM: gestational diabetes mellitus; PIH: pregnancy-induced hypertension; RDS: respiratory distress syndrome; BPD: bronchopulmonary dysplasia; PDA: patent ductus arteriosus; IVH: intraventricular hemorrhage; PVL: periventricular leukomalacia; ROP: retinopathy of prematurity; NEC: necrotizing enterocolitis; PMA: postmenstrual age; MBS: modified barium swallow.