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. 2020 Feb 11;15:311–321. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S225765

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© 2020 Qaisar et al.

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(A) Hand-grip strength according to smoking status in the men and women participants of different age groups; Values are expressed as mean ± SD; one-way analysis of variance. * p < 0.05 vs 66–75 old participants of the same gender, ^# p < 0.05 vs non-smokers of the same gender and age group. (B) relationship of the serum HDL-C with the hand-grip strength and (C) FEV₁% in men and women participants of the non-COPD and COPD groups. Hand-grip strength was adjusted for age, smoking status, waist circumference, anemia and hypertension in all analyses.