Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of the Study Participants
| Men | Women | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-COPD | GOLD-1 | COPD GOLD-2 | GOLD-3 and 4 | Non-COPD | GOLD −1 | COPD GOLD-2 | GOLD-3 and 4 | |
| Age category (years) | ||||||||
| 56–65, n (%) | 212 (56.6) | 115 (52.7) | 58 (47.9) | 12 (50) | 227 (54.8) | 132 (52.5) | 71 (47.6) | 17 (54.8) |
| 66–75, n (%) | 162 (43.4) | 103 (47.3) | 63 (52.1) | 12 (50) | 187 (45.2) | 119 (47.5) | 78 (52.4) | 14 (45.2) |
| Smoking status | ||||||||
| Non-smokers, n (%) | 103 (27.5) | 34 (15.6) | 17 (14.1) | 4 (16.6) | 403 (97.3) | 236 (94) | 146 (98) | 29 (93.5) |
| Ex-smoker, n (%) | 182 (48.6) | 57 (26.1) | 41 (33.8) | 13 (54.1) | 7 (1.7) | 11 (4.4) | 2 (1.3) | 1 (3.2) |
| Current, n (%) | 89 (23.8) | 127 (58.2) | 63 (52.1) | 7 (29.1) | 4 (0.9) | 4 (1.6) | 1 (0.7) | 1 (3.2) |
| BMI (Kg/m2) (Mean ± SD) | 24.3 ± 2.3 | 24.1 ± 3.4 | 23.8 ± 2 | 24 ± 3.3 | 25.1 ± 3.8 | 24.5 ± 2.1 | 24.8 ± 2.7 | 24.4 ± 3.3 |
| Waist Circum. (cm) (Mean ± SD) | 85.3 ± 9.3 | 84.2 ± 8.3 | 83.3 ± 10 | 84.3 ± 4.3 | 87.3 ± 5.3 | 84.1 ± 7.3 | 84.7 ± 6.3 | 83.9 ± 9.3 |
| FEV1 (L) (Mean ± SD) | 2.78 ± 0.5 | 2.24 ± 0.6 | 1.66 ± 0.4 | 1.36 ± 0.3 | 2.75 ± 0.4 | 2.2 ± 0.4 | 1.59 ± 0.3 | 1.26 ± 0.3 |
| FEV1% predicted (Mean ± SD) | 97.2 ± 4.4 | 78.5 ± 7.3 | 58.3 ± 8.8 | 47.6 ± 8.1 | 98.5 ± 3.6 | 79.1 ± 6.2 | 57 ± 9.3 | 45.3 ± 6.1 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 16 (4.4) | 13 (5.9) | 15 (12.4) | 5 (20.8) | 13 (3.8) | 17 (6.7) | 16 (10.7) | 5 (16.1) |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 61 (16.3) | 37 (16.9) | 31 (25.6) | 9 (37.5) | 44 (10.6) | 39 (15.5) | 36 (24.1) | 9 (29) |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 17 (4.5) | 22 (10.1) | 12 (9.9) | 4 (16.6) | 11 (2.6) | 23 (9.1) | 19 (12.7) | 4 (12.9) |
| Anemia, n (%) | 36 (9.6) | 42 (19.2) | 29 (23.9) | 8 (33.3) | 53 (12.8) | 34 (13.5) | 27 (18.1) | 10 (32.2) |