Table 1.

Studies on the effects of early administration of BM-MNCs or umbilical cord derived MNCs after SE

Author	Type and characteristics of animal model used	Timing of intervention with cells after insult	Type of cells infused and route of administration	Outcome measures examined	Major findings
Costa-Ferro et al. [67]	Rat model of SE, induced through intraperitoneal administration of lithium chloride and pilocarpine	90 minutes after SE induction and seizure termination	BM-MNCs from EGFP transgenic mice	Video monitoring between post-SE days 15–22 and 110–117	No seizures in the early phase after SE and reduced seizures in the chronic phase
			Intravenous administration (tail vein injection)	Analysis of LTP in hippocampus slices	Protective effects on LTP
				Histology	Decreased neurodegeneration
					Engrafting of some BM-MNCs into the hippocampus and cortex
Leal et al. [68]	Mouse model of SE, induced through intraperitoneal administration pilocarpine	3 hours after the onset of SE	BM-MNCs from EGFP transgenic mice	Histology	Some CD11b+ BM-MNCs were found in perivascular areas (at 4 hours) and brain parenchyma (at 8 hours) but declined dramatically by 24 hours postgrafting
			Injections into the retro-orbital plexus	Analyses of cytokines and their gene expression at 4 hours to 7 days after BM-MNC administration	Reduced neuronal loss in the hippocampus
					Reduced expression of proinflammatory cytokines
					Increased expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines
Costa-Ferro et al. [69]	Rat model of SE, induced through intraperitoneal administration of lithium chloride and pilocarpine	Immediately after the induction of SE	Human umbilical cord blood derived MNCs	Analyses of behavioral spontaneous seizures	Reduced frequency and duration of spontaneous seizures at 15–300 days post-SE
			Intravenous administration	Histology	Reduced neuronal loss in the hippocampus

Abbreviations: BM-MNCs, bone marrow derived mononuclear cells; EGFP, enhanced green fluorescent protein; MNC, mononucleasr cells; SE, status epilepticus.