Table 3.
Effects of administration of BM-MNCs or MSCs in chronic epilepsy
| Author | Type and characteristics of animal model used | Timing of intervention with cells after insult | Type of cells infused and route of administration | Outcome measures examined | Major findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Venturin et al. [81] | Rat model of SE, induced through intraperitoneal administration of lithium chloride and pilocarpine | 22 days after SE | BM-MNCs from EGFP mice | Video monitoring for 2 weeks after cell treatment | Significant reduction in seizures |
| Intravenous treatment (tail vein injection) | Behavioral analysis using a water maze test | Improved learning and memory function | |||
| Costa-Ferro et al. [82] | Rat model of SE, induced through intraperitoneal injection of lithium chloride and pilocarpine | 22 days post-SE (Group A) | BM-MNCs from EGFP transgenic mice | Video monitoring for a week after cell treatment on 22 days post-SE | Group A: 62%–65% reduction in seizures |
| Reduced hippocampal neurodegeneration and astrocyte hypertrophy, normalization of proinflammatory cytokine gene expression, and increased expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine gene expression | |||||
| 10 months after SE (Group B) | Intravenous treatment (tail vein injection) | Video monitoring for 8 weeks after cell treatment at 10 months post-SE | Group B; 62%–97% reduction in seizures | ||
| Histology | Reduced astrocyte hypertrophy, increased neurogenesis, and increased expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine gene expression | ||||
| Huicong et al. [83] | Rat model of SE, induced through intraperitoneal injection of lithium chloride and pilocarpine | One month after SE | MSCs from rat bone marrow labeled with PIOPs and implanted directly into the right hippocampus | MRI at 1 and 3 months postgrafting | Injected MSCs moved towards midline of the brain. |
| EEG at 15 days and at 3 months after SE | Significant decrease in sharp waves | ||||
| Survival Histology | Normalization of adenosine A1 and 2A receptors ratio in the hippocampus |
Abbreviations: BM-MNCs, bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells; EGFP, enhanced green fluorescent protein; MSCs, mesenchymal stem cells; PIOPs, paramagnetic iron oxide particles; SE, status epilepticus.