Table 4.
Correlates of passive and active ideation.
| Correlate | Passive Ideation |
Active Ideation |
Active Ideation vs. Passive Ideation |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| k | d | 95% CI | p | k | d | 95% CI | p | k | d | 95% CI | p | |
| Sociodemographic Factors | ||||||||||||
| Sex (Female) | 28 | .23 | .16 – .31 | <.001 | 20 | .19 | .06 – .32 | <.01 | 8 | −.01 | −.12 – .11 | .91 |
| Race (White) | 16 | .10 | .01 – .19 | .04 | 14 | .12 | .01 – .23 | .03 | 6 | −.01 | −.06 – .04 | .72 |
| Ethnicity (Hispanic) | 5 | .05 | −.06 – .15 | .38 | 3 | .07 | −.05 – .19 | .23 | ||||
| Education (Fewer Years) | 13 | .17 | .06 – .29 | <.01 | 10 | .15 | −.02 – .31 | .08 | 4 | −.21 | −.49 – .07 | .13 |
| Marital Status | ||||||||||||
| Not Married vs. Married | 17 | .23 | .14 – .33 | <.001 | 12 | .22 | .10 – .33 | <.001 | 4 | .02 | −.02 – .07 | .33 |
| Divorced vs. Married | 8 | .32 | .11 – .53 | <.01 | 6 | .54 | .32 – .75 | <.001 | ||||
| Never Married vs. Married | 11 | .15 | −.02 – .32 | .08 | 6 | .25 | .00a – .49 | <.05 | ||||
| Sexual Minority | 10 | .48 | .33 – .63 | <.001 | 10 | .60 | .41 – .79 | <.001 | ||||
| Clinical Factors | ||||||||||||
| Psychiatric Problems | 45 | .81 | .67 – .95 | <.001 | 35 | .76 | .62 – .90 | <.001 | 10 | .10 | −.06 – .25 | .24 |
| Depression | 41 | .96 | .81 – 1.10 | <.001 | 32 | .93 | .74 – 1.11 | <.001 | 10 | .16 | −.03 – .34 | .10 |
| Anxiety | 12 | .73 | .43 – 1.02 | <.001 | 10 | .83 | .43 – 1.23 | <.001 | 5 | −.02 | −.44 – .40 | .91 |
| Alcohol Use Problems | 13 | .14 | .00a – .28 | .04 | 11 | .30 | .15 – .45 | <.001 | 5 | .17 | .11 – .24 | <.001 |
| Substance Use Problems | 7 | .16 | −.01 – .32 | .07 | 5 | .38 | .23 – .53 | <.001 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Psychosis | 3 | 1.00 | .03 – 1.96 | .04 | 3 | .71 | .37 – 1.04 | <.001 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Psychiatric Treatment | 5 | .19 | −.05 – .43 | .12 | 5 | .31 | .11 – .52 | <.01 | 5 | .10 | .04 – .16 | <.001 |
| Psychological Factors | ||||||||||||
| Aggression/Anger/ Irritability | 3 | .51 | .22 – .80 | <.001 | 3 | .41 | .16 – .67 | <.01 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Low Cognitive Functioning | 6 | .11 | −.11 – .32 | .32 | 5 | −.19 | −.45 – .07 | .16 | 4 | −.18 | −.56 – .21 | .37 |
| Hopelessness | 8 | .80 | .52 – 1.08 | <.001 | 6 | .69 | .31 – 1.06 | <.001 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Perceived Burdensomeness | 4 | 1.17 | .78 – 1.56 | <.001 | 3 | .87 | .58 – 1.15 | <.001 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Thwarted Belongingness | 4 | .77 | .61 – .92 | <.001 | 3 | .60 | .37 – .82 | <.001 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Other Factors | ||||||||||||
| Financial Difficulties | 14 | .31 | .28 – .34 | <.001 | 10 | .31 | .21 – .42 | <.001 | 5 | .07 | .02 – .12 | .01 |
| Physical Health Problems | 14 | .50 | .38 – .62 | <.001 | 10 | .48 | .30 – .66 | <.001 | 6 | <.01 | −.04 – .04 | .96 |
| Physical Pain | 8 | .31 | .15 – .46 | .001 | 8 | .26 | .07 – .45 | .01 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Low Social Support | 8 | .34 | .13 – .55 | <.01 | 6 | .40 | .05 – .74 | .02 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Stress | 9 | .41 | .17 – .65 | <.001 | 7 | .44 | .12 – .76 | .01 | 3 | .21 | .03 – .38 | .02 |
Note. CI = confidence interval; k = number of unique effects; effect size estimates where k = 3 should be interpreted with a degree of caution.
a
The lower end of the confidence interval was rounded down but exceeded 0.