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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Environ Int. 2020 Jan 8;136:105440. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105440

Table 4.

Association between Ambient Air Pollution and Global Cognitive Decline Across Strata of Risk Factors for Cognitive Decline

NO2 PM2.5 PM10
Change in Cognitive Scores1 95% CI p-value2 Change in Cognitive Scores1 95% CI p-value2 Change in Cognitive Scores1 95% CI p-value2
Age
< 75 yrs old −0.080 −0.11, −0.05 0.42 −0.115 −0.15, −0.08 0.62 −0.038 −0.06, −0.02 0.22
≥ 75 yrs old −0.083 −0.11, −0.06 −0.117 −0.15, −0.09 −0.043 −0.06, −0.02
Smoking Status
Never Smoker −0.076 −0.10, −0.05 0.32 −0.094 −0.12, −0.07 0.61 −0.048 −0.07, −0.03 0.13
Former/Current Smoker −0.072 −0.10, −0.05 −0.092 −0.12, −0.06 −0.042 −0.06, −0.03
Race-ethnicity
White non-Hispanic −0.144 −0.19, −0.09 --- −0.171 −0.23, −0.11 --- −0.087 −0.13, −0.05 ---
Black non-Hispanic −0.110 −0.16, −0.06 0.14 −0.136 −0.20, −0.08 0.33 −0.058 −0.09, −0.02 0.26
Hispanic −0.045 −0.08, −0.01 0.02 −0.050 −0.09, −0.01 0.08 −0.029 −0.05, −0.01 0.04
Sex
Male −0.08 −0.10, −0.05 0.27 −0.091 −0.12, −0.07 0.39 −0.047 −0.06, −0.03 0.22
Female −0.07 −0.10, −0.05 −0.094 −0.12, −0.06 −0.042 −0.06. −0.02

All models adjusted for individual (age, education, sex, race/ethnicity), neighborhood sociodemographic variables (Census based SES z-score), and a cohort indicator to adjust for secular trends. All models weighted by the product of the IPW and IPCW weights.

1

Expressed as a standard deviation change in the rate of decline in cognitive score associated with an IQR change in pollutant

2

p-values for cross-product terms for interaction in the association of air pollutants and cognition

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