Table 1.
Participant Characteristics
| Variable | Mean(SD) or % (n) (N=53) |
Completers (n=41)^ |
Non-completers (n=12)^ |
p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Race/Ethnicity1 | ||||
| Black/African American | 75.5% (40) | 73.2% (30) | 83.3% (10) | ns |
| White | 20.8% (11) | 24.4% (10) | 8.3% (1) | ns |
| Hispanic | 3.8% (2) | 2.4% (1) | 8.3% (1) | ns |
| Age (years) | 45.4 (9.9) | 47.3 (9.6) | 39.0 (9.0) | <.01 |
| Marital Status1 | ||||
| Single | 62.3% (33) | 61.0% (25) | 66.7% (8) | ns |
| Married | 18.9% (10) | 19.5% (8) | 16.7% (2) | ns |
| Other | 18.9% (10) | 19.5% (8) | 16.6% (2) | ns |
| Socioeconomic Status1 | ||||
| Less Than High School | 5.7% (3) | 2.4% (1) | 16.7% (2) | ns |
| High School/GED | 35.9% (19) | 36.6% (15) | 33.4% (4) | ns |
| Some College | 41.5% (22) | 39.0% (16) | 50.0% (6) | ns |
| College Degree or above | 13.2% (7) | 17.1% (7) | 0% (0) | ns |
| Not reported | 3.8% (2) | 4.9% (2) | 0.0% (0) | ns |
| Number of days with paid work (past 30 days)1 | 7.1 (10.1) | 6.3 (10.1) | 9.9 (9.9) | ns |
| Monthly income (past 30 days) | $749.5 (766.0) | $699.0 (737.4) | $921.9 (868.7) | ns |
| Trauma Event Exposures2 | ||||
| Number of Traumatic Event Exposures Types | 7.1 (3.5) | 6.8 (3.4) | 8.3 (3.4) | ns |
| Assault with a weapon | 73.6% (39) | 75.6% (31) | 66.7% (8) | ns |
| Physical assault | 75.5% (40) | 73.2% (30) | 83.3% (10) | ns |
| Natural disaster | 58.5% (31) | 61.0% (25) | 50.0% (6) | ns |
| Transportation accident | 71.7% (38) | 65.9% (26) | 91.7% (11) | ns |
| Sexual assault | 64.2% (34) | 63.4% (26) | 66.7% (8) | ns |
| Toxic substance exposure | 15.1% (8) | 12.2% (5) | 25.0% (3) | ns |
| Life threatening illness or injury | 50.9% (27) | 46.3% (19) | 66.7% (8) | ns |
| Fire or explosion | 34.0% (18) | 34.1% (14) | 33.3% (4) | ns |
| Human suffering | 24.5% (13) | 24.4% (10) | 25.0% (3) | ns |
| Serious accident | 43.4% (23) | 43.9% (18) | 41.7% (5) | ns |
| Sudden violent death | 35.8% (19) | 29.3% (12) | 58.3% (7) | ns |
| Sudden accidental death | 24.5% (13) | 24.4% (10) | 25.0% (3) | ns |
| Unwanted sexual experiences | 47.2% (25) | 43.9% (18) | 58.3% (7) | ns |
| Other stressful event or experience | 37.7% (20) | 34.1% (14) | 50.0% (6) | ns |
| Captivity | 22.6% (12) | 17.1% (7) | 41.7% (5) | ns |
| Causing serious injury to someone else | 18.9% (10) | 14.6% (6) | 33.3% (4) | ns |
| Combat war-zone exposure | 13.2% (7) | 12.2% (5) | 16.7% (2) | ns |
| Axis I Diagnoses (DSM-IV)3 | ||||
| Mean Number of Diagnoses (overall) | 3.0 (1.2) | 2.9 (1.2) | 3.3 (1.4) | ns |
| Cocaine Dependence | 67.9% (36) | 73.2% (30) | 50.0% (6) | ns |
| PTSD4 | 79.2% (42) | 75.6% (31) | 91.7% (11) | ns |
| Alcohol Abuse/Dependence | 45.3% (24) | 46.3% (19) | 41.7% (5) | ns |
| Cannabis Dependence | 37.7% (20) | 29.3% (12) | 66.7% (8) | ns |
| Major Depressive Disorder | 30.2% (16) | 26.8% (11) | 41.7% (5) | ns |
| Substance Induced Mood Disorder | 7.5% (4) | 9.8% (4) | 0.0% (0) | ns |
| Sedative Dependence | 5.7% (3) | 4.9% (2) | 8.3% (1) | ns |
| Stimulus Dependence | 3.8% (2) | 4.9% (2) | 0.0% (0) | ns |
| Opioid Dependence | 5.7% (3) | 4.9% (2) | 8.3% (1) | ns |
| Hallucinogen/PCP Dependence | 3.8% (2) | 2.4% (1) | 8.3% (1) | ns |
| Other substance Dependence | 3.8% (2) | 4.9% (2) | 0% (0) | ns |
| Panic Disorder | 7.5% (4) | 7.3% (3) | 8.3% (1) | ns |
| Obsessive Compulsive Disorder | 1.9% (1) | 0% (0) | 8.3% (1) | ns |
| Eating Disorder | 3.8% (2) | 4.9% (2) | 0% (0) | ns |
| Psychosis | 1.9% (1) | 2.4% (1) | 0% (0) | ns |
| Substance Use1 | ||||
| Cannabis Use, Past Month (yes/no) | 10.4 (13.5) | 9.0 (13.2) | 15.5 (13.8) | ns |
| Alcohol Use Days, Past Month | 10.1 (10.3) | 10.2 (10.6) | 9.8 (9.7) | ns |
| Drug Use Problem Days, Past Month | 16.2 (11.9) | 16.1 (11.7) | 16.5 (13.2) | ns |
| PTSD S everity (DSM-5)4 | ||||
| Total Score | 36.7 (12.2) | 36.1 (13.0) | 38.8 (8.8) | ns |
| Intrusion Symptoms (B) | 9.3 (3.3) | 9.2 (3.5) | 9.5 (2.5) | ns |
| Avoidance Symptoms (C) | 5.0 (2.1) | 4.9 (2.0) | 5.3 (2.5) | ns |
| Negative Cognitions and Mood Symptoms (D) | 13.2 (6.1) | 13.0 (6.5) | 14.3 (4.9) | ns |
| Arousal and Reactivity Symptoms (E) | 9.2 (4.1) | 9.1 (4.2) | 9.8 (3.7) | ns |
| Treatment Condition5 | ||||
| CBT for SUD6 | 60.4% (32) | 65.9% (27) | 41.7% (5) | ns |
| TIPSS7 | 39.6% (21) | 34.1% (14) | 58.3% (7) | ns |
Note.
^
Completers: Participants who completed treatment; Non-completers: Participants who did not complete treatment.
1
Data derived from Addiction Severity Index-Lite at baseline;
2
Data derived from Life Events Checklist at baseline;
3
Data derived from Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorder for current disorders at baseline;
4
Data derived from the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 at baseline;
5
Treatment type that participants were assigned to during the trial;
6
Cognitive-behavioral therapy for SUD;
7
Treatment of Integrated Posttraumatic Stress and Substance Use.