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. 2020 Jan 9;18(1):45. doi: 10.3390/md18010045

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Anti-angiogenic activity of fucoidan in vivo and in vitro. (A) Zebrafish fli1 Tg (eGFP) models were analyzed to visualize vascular development in response to fucoidan. Fucoidan disrupted vasculature development, especially dorsal longitudinal anastomotic vessel (DLAV), dorsal aorta (DA), and intersegmental vessels (ISVs). Scale bar indicates 300 μm in left panels and 60 μm in right magnified panels. (B–G) Expression of angiogenesis-related genes was validated in fucoidan-treated fli1 Tg zebrafish by quantitative RT-PCR analysis. (H–N) Reduction of angiogenesis-related genes in ES-2 and OV-90 cells with the combination of fucoidan and cisplatin or paclitaxel. Messenger RNA expression of target genes was calculated based on that of GAPDH gene. *** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, and * p < 0.05 indicate significant effects of each treatment compared with vehicle-treated control cells. # represents significances (p < 0.05) compared with fucoidan alone.