Table 6.

Optimization studies using the response surface method for the production of biologically active compounds from plant materials.

Plant	Family Name	Optimized Process	Process Parameters	Design Method	Independent Variables	Ref.
Lion’s mane mushroom, Hericium erinaceus (Bull.) Persoon	Hericiaceae	EAE	Polysaccharides’ yield	BBD	pH, temperature time	[145]
Mongolian milkvetch, Astragalus membranaceus Schischkin hairy root cultures	Fabaceae	Optimal biomass production	Isoflavonoids	BBD	Culture temperature, sucrose concentration, inoculum size, and harvest time	[59]
Yarrow, Achillea millefolium L., 1753	Asteraceae	MAE	Polyphenolic compounds, flavonoid content, antioxidant activity	CCD	Extraction time, ethanol concentration, liquid/solid ratio, and microwave power	[146]
Woad, Isatis tinctoria L. hairy root cultures	Brassicaceae	High speed homogenization coupled with MAE	Alkaloids and flavonoids	BBD	Homogenization time, extraction temperature, microwave power, and extraction time	[77]
Mongolian milkvetch, Astragalus membranaceus Schischkin hairy root cultures	Fabaceae	High speed homogenization coupled with CAE	Isoflavonoids	BBD	Negative pressure, homogenization time, liquid/solid ratio, and extraction time	[78]
Golden-and-silver honeysuckle, Lonicera japonica Thunb.	Caprifoliaceae	Ultra-turrax based UAE	Organic acids	BBD	Ethanol concentration, time, and liquid/solid ratio	[147]
Candy leaf, Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni)	Asteraceae	MAE	Stevioside rebaudioside-A	CCD	Microwave, power extraction temperature time	[148]
Cumin, Cuminum cyminum L.	Apiaceae	MHD	Essential oil	CCD	microwave irradiation time, microwave irradiation power, and moisture content	[149]
Hemp, Cannabis sativa L.	Cannabaceae	SFE	Tetrahydrocannabinol	CCD	Pressure, temperature, and co-solvent concentration	[150]
Jimsonweed, Datura stramonium hairy roots cultures	Solanaceae	Elicitation	Hyoscyamine	Polynomial models of 3 and 4 degrees	Exposure time and salicylic acid concentration	[144]

Abbreviations presented in Table 1.