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Mechanisms of action of the most promising immunostimulatory compounds. Sulphate polysaccharides and polyunsaturated fatty acids trigger macrophage activation increasing cytokine and NO levels [2,53,93]; Sulfolipids increase the number of CD83-positive cells associate to mature dendritic cells [7], in turn dendritic cells generate active T cells [143] and prime an efficient Th1 cell response [154]. Astaxanthin improves T-cell response increasing INF-γ levels [123].
