Table 1.
Evidences for the involvement of the Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) in neurodegenerative disorders.
| Disease | Preclinical Data | Human Data | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parkinson′s Diseases (PD) | MIF reduces apoptosis and induces autophagy in an in vitro model of PD (SH-SY5Y cells exposed to MPP+) | [50] | |
| MIF is upregulated in mouse model of PD (induced by i.p. injection of MPTP) | [50] | ||
| ↑ serum levels | [49] | ||
| Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) | MIF inhibits mutant SOD1 misfolding in motor neuron-like cells | [51,52] | |
| Endogenous MIF knockdown in SOD1 mutant mice accelerates disease | [53,54] | ||
| MIF overexpression in the spinal cord improves ALS in SOD1 mutant mice | [53,54] |
MPP+: 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium; MPTP: 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin; i.p.: Intra-peritoneal; SOD1: superoxide Dismutase 1.