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. 2019 Dec 29;18(1):28. doi: 10.3390/md18010028

Table 2.

Some carotenoid-producing microalgae.

Name Carotenoid(s) Molecular Formula Production Yield Source Reference
Dunaliella sp. β-carotene C40H56 100 mg/L Dunaliella salina [197,198]
Astaxanthin C40H52O4 40–45 mg/g Dunaliella salina [199]
α-carotene C40H56 2.7 ± 0.5 mg/g Dunaliella salina [200]
Zeaxanthin C40H56O2 11.3 ± 1.6 mg/g Dunaliella salina [200]
Lutein C40H56O2 6.6 ± 0.9 mg/g Dunaliella salina [200]
Hematococcus sp. Astaxanthin C40H52O4 357 mg/L Haematococcus pluvialis [201]
Chlorella sp. Astaxanthin C40H52O4 10.3 mg/L Chlorella zofingiensis [202]
Lutein C40H56O2 153,009.7 μg/g Chlorella pyrenoidosa [203]
β-cryptoxantin C40H56O 334.9 μg/g Chlorella pyrenoidosa [203]
Canthaxanthin C40H52O2 8.5 mg/g Chlorella zofingiensis [27]
Auroxanthin C40H56O4 38.5 μg/g Chlorella pyrenoidosa [203]
Violaxanthin C40H56O4 38.1 μg/g Chlorella pyrenoidosa [203]
Neochrome C40H56O4 65.2 μg/g Chlorella pyrenoidosa [203]
Neoxanthin C40H56O4 199.7 μg/g Chlorella pyrenoidosa [203]
Zeaxanthin C40H56O2 2170.3 μg/g Chlorella pyrenoidosa [203]
β-carotene C40H56 4314.3 μg/g Chlorella pyrenoidosa [203]
α-carotene C40H56 4232.5 μg/g Chlorella pyrenoidosa [203]
Scenedesmus sp. Lutein C40H56O2 3.8 mg/L. day Scenedesmus almeriensis [204,205]
Spirulina sp. β-carotene C40H56 296 mg/kg Spirulina platensis [206,207,208,209]
Chlorococcum sp. Lutein C40H56O2 1.05 mg/L. h Chlorococcum citriforme [210]
Tetraselmis sp. Astaxanthin C40H52O4 2.3 mg/g Tetraselmis suecica [211]
Muriellopsis sp. Lutein C40H56O2 35 mg/L Not mentioned [194]
Phaeodactylum sp. Fucoxanthin C42H58O6 15.7 mg/g Phaeodactylum tricornutum [212]
Galdieria sp. Lutein C40H56O2 0.6 ± 0.1 mg/g Galdieria sulphuraria [213]
Coccomyxa sp. Lutein C40H56O2 5–6 g/L Coccomyxa onubensis [214]
Odontella sp. Fucoxanthin C42H58O6 80 mg/L Odontella aurita [215]
Isochrysis sp. Fucoxanthin C42H58O6 18.23 ± 0.54 mg/g Isochrysis aff. Galbana [216]
Chaetoceros sp. Fucoxanthin C42H58O6 2.24 ± 0.01 mg/g Chaetoceros gracilis [216]
Nitzschia sp. Fucoxanthin C42H58O6 4.92 ± 0.11 mg/g Nitzschia closterium [216]