Table 3.
Some carotenoid-producing marine bacteria.
| Name | Carotenoid(s) | Molecular Formula | Production Yield | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gordonia sp. | Canthaxanthin | C40H52O2 | 0.73 mg/L | Gordonia jacobaea MV-1 | [217] |
| Micrococcus sp. | Canthaxanthin | C40H52O2 | 1.70 mg/L | Micrococcus roseus | [218] |
| Dietzia sp. | Canthaxanthin | C40H52O2 | 5.31 mg/L | Dietzia natronolimnaea HS-1 | [219] |
| Brevibacterium sp. | Canthaxanthin | C40H52O2 | 9.3 mg/L | Brevibacterium KY-4313 | [220] |
| Haloferax sp. | Canthaxanthin | C40H52O2 | 2,194.09 ± 0.3 μg/L | Haloferax alexandrinus | [221] |
| β-carotene | C40H56 | 189.91 ± 0.5 μg/L | Haloferax alexandrinus | [221] | |
| Bacterioruberin | C50H76O4 | 3,818.45 ± 0.01 μg/L | Haloferax alexandrinus | [221] | |
| 3-Hydroxyechinenone | C40H54O2 | 250.95 ± 0.9 μg/L | Haloferax alexandrinus | [221] | |
| Agrobacterium sp. | Astaxanthin | C40H52O4 | 89.7 μg/L | Agrobacterium aurantiacum | [222] |
| Adonixanthin | C40H54O3 | 323.38 μg/L | Agrobacterium aurantiacum | [222] | |
| Halorubrum sp. | Bacterioruberin | C50H76O4 | 11.47 mg/L | Halorubrum sp. TBZ126 | [223] |
| Lycopene | C40H56 | 0.104 mg/L | Halorubrum sp. TBZ126 | [223] | |
| β-carotene | C40H56 | 0.128 mg/L | Halorubrum sp. TBZ126 | [223] | |
| Gramella sp. | Zeaxanthin | C40H56O2 | N.D.* | Gramella oceani | [167,224] |
| Gramella planctonica | [224,225] | ||||
| Aquibacter sp. | Zeaxanthin | C40H56O2 | N.D.* | Aquibacter zeaxanthinifaciens | [224,225] |
| Kordia sp. | Zeaxanthin | C40H56O2 | N.D.* | Kordia aquimaris | [224,225] |
| Saprospira sp. | 3R-saproxanthin | C40H56O2 | N.D.* | Saprospira grandis | [226,227] |
| Flavobacterium sp. | 3R,2′S-myxol | C40H56O3 | N.D.* | Flavobacterium sp. strain P99-3 | [226,227] |
| Anabaena sp. | 3R,2′S-myxol | C40H56O3 | N.D.* | Anabaena variabilis | [226,227] |
| Halobacterium sp. | α-bacterioruberin | C50H76O4 | N.D.* | Halobacterium salinarum strain NRC-1 and strain R1 | [39,228] |
| Halobacterium sodomense | |||||
| Haloarcula sp. | α-bacterioruberin | C50H76O4 | N.D.* | Haloarcula vallismortis | [39,228] |
| Salinibacter sp. | Salinixanthin | C61H92O9 | N.D.* | Salinibacter ruber | [228,229] |
| Mesoflavibacter sp. | Zeaxanthin | C40H56O2 | N.D.* | Mesoflavibacter zeaxanthinifaciens | [224,230] |
| Zeaxanthinibacter sp. | Zeaxanthin | C40H56O2 | N.D.* | Zeaxanthinibacter Enoshimensis | [224,231] |
| Muricauda sp. | Zeaxanthin | C40H56O2 | N.D.* | Muricauda lutaonensis | [224,232] |
| Siansivirga sp. | Zeaxanthin | C40H56O2 | N.D.* | Siansivirga zeaxanthinifaciens | [224,233] |
N.D.*: not determined.