Table 1.

Biometric measurements, biochemical and oxidative stress parameters measured in rats fed high-fat and high-sucrose (HFHS) diets. C: control; GSE: grape seed polyphenols extract; FOM: fish oil mixture.

	HFHS-C	HFHS-FOM	HFHS-GSE	HFHS-FOM&GSE
Weight Increase (%)	101.8 (16.9)	114.9 (20.3)	93.6 (14.4)	117.4 (20.6)
Adiposity index (%) ×	6.62 (3.95)	6.12 (2.62)	4.98 (1.31)	4.32 (1.54)
Hepatosomatic index (%) ∆	2.4 (0.1)	2.4 (0.1)	2.3 (0.1)	2.7 (0.4)
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	3.5 (0.3)	2.7 (0.5) *#	3.7 (0.3)	2.8 (0.3) *#
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	1.3 (0.2)	1.6 (0.3)	2.2 (0.2) *&$	1.5 (0.3)
FFA (μg/mL)	180.7 (24.2)	140.2 (15.9)	187.8 (4.5) &$	136.6 (25.2) *#
TFA (μg/mL)	2442.2 (245.0)	2233.0 (425.4)	3764.9 (374.1) *&$	2101.4 (231.1)
HbA1c (%)	3.25 (0.14)	3.14 (0.12)	3.11 (0.12)	2.70 (0.70)
Fasting Glucose (mg/dL)	65.86 (3.63)	64.14 (6.87)	65.43 (4.69)	67.00 (3.92)
Plasma insulin (ng/mL)	2.0 (0.6)	1.6 (0.4)	2.6 (1.2)	1.2 (0.5) *#
ORAC (µmol Trolox/mL plasma)	17.7 (7.9)	10.7 (5.7)	19.3 (5.0)	24.0 (3.5) &
Plasma GPX(U/g Hb)	0.4 (0.04)	3.8 (0.9) *#$	13.4 (1.9) *&$	36.7 (8.5) *&#
TBARS (mg MDA/kg liver)	3.6 (0.7)	10.7 (2.0) *#$	2.7 (0.3)	6.6 (1.4) *&#
Liver CRP (mg/mL)	93.9 (53.7)	64.3 (18.9)	76.7 (41.7)	60.3 (46.9)
Liver TNFα (mg/mL)	91.5 (47.8)	55.2 (49.3) *	85.2 (59.5)	54.5 (65.4) *

^× Adiposity index: (total abdominal fat × 100)/body weight. ^∆ Hepatosomatic index: (liver weight × 100)/body weight. Results are means (standard deviation) (n = 7). * P < 0.05 vs. HFHS-C; ^& P < 0.05 vs. HFHS-FOM; ^# P < 0.05 vs. HFHS-GSE; ^$ P < 0.05 vs. HFHS-FOM&GSE. Comparisons were performed using the one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests. These parameters have already been studied in the same cohort of animals and partially published [15,20,23]. ORAC: Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity; GPX: glutathione peroxidase; TFA: total fatty acids; FFA: free fatty acids.