Table 2.
Biometric measurements, biochemical and oxidative stress parameters measured in rats fed standard (STD) diets. C: control; GSE: grape seed polyphenols extract; FOM: fish oil mixture.
| STD-C | STD-FOM | STD-GSE | STD-FOM&GSE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weight Increase (%) | 83.8 (22.1) | 92.9 (21.3) | 81.4 (11.6) | 88.8 (23.2) |
| Adiposity index (%) × | 1.92 (0.48) | 3.99 (1.20) * | 6.17 (3.02) * | 4.84 (1.19) * |
| Hepatosomatic index (%) ∆ | 2.6 (0.5) | 2.7 (0.2) | 2.7 (0.2) | 2.7 (0.2) |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.3 (1.0) | 3.8 (0.2) | 4.4 (0.3) | 3.5 (0.4) |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.5 (0.4) | 1.7 (0.4) | 1.9 (0.3) | 1.6 (0.3) |
| FFA (μg/mL) | 212.0 (22.1) | 164.2 (32.0) | 166.6 (24.2) | 147.5 (30.0) * |
| TFA (μg/mL) | 2982.0 (772.8) | 2873.8 (343.7) | 3426.7 (338.5) | 2770.9 (438.6) |
| HbA1c (%) | 3.24 (0.15) | 3.15 (0.10) | 3.25 (0.22) | 3.35 (0.20) |
| Fasting Glucose (mg/dL) | 64.57 (2.70) | 71.00 (6.53) | 61.00 (3.37) | 64.86 (5.87) |
| Plasma insulin (ng/mL) | 0.9 (0.3) | 1.2 (0.6) | 1.2 (0.5) | 1.5 (0.5) |
| ORAC (µmol Trolox/mL plasma) | 17.6 (8.3) | 18.8 (4.4) | 16.6 (5.1) | 22.1 (2.9) |
| Plasma GPX(U/g Hb) | 0.4 (0.1) | 1.2 (0.7) *#$ | 6.1 (0.5) *&$ | 19.2 (3.01) *&# |
| TBARS (mg MDA/kg liver) | 4.5 (1.4) | 10.0 (2.4) *# | 3.2 (0.2 7) &$ | 7.6 (1.7) # |
| Liver CRP (mg/mL) | 91.4 (21.6) | 45.4 (15.7) * | 49.7 (7.9) * | 56.1 (26.5) * |
| Liver TNFα (mg/mL) | 116.0 (72.5) | 63.8 (26.3) * | 73.1 (66.7) * | 62.6 (47.6) * |
† Adiposity index: (total abdominal fat × 100)/body weight. ∆ Hepatosomatic index: (liver weight × 100)/body weight. Results are means (standard deviation) (n = 7). * P < 0.05 vs. STD-C; & P < 0.05 vs. STD-FOM; # P < 0.05 vs. STD-GSE; $ P < 0.05 vs. STD-FOM&GSE. Comparisons were performed using the one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests. These parameters have already been studied in the same cohort of animals and partially published [15,19,23]. ORAC: Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity; GPX: glutathione peroxidase; TFA: total fatty acids; FFA: free fatty acids.