Table 3.
Labor, Birth, and Neonatal Characteristics by Care Group (N = 96,810)
| Characteristic | Interprofessional Groupa (n = 48,857) | Non-Interprofessional Groupb (n = 47,953) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gestational age, n (%) | |||
| Early term (37 0/7 to 38 6/7 wk) | 13,322 (30.6) | 16,239 (40.2) | <.001 |
| Full term (39 0/7 to 40 6/7 wk) | 25,213 (57.9) | 21,617 (53.5) | <.001 |
| Late term (41 0/7 to 41 6/7 wk) | 4471 (10.3) | 2357 (5.8) | <.001 |
| Post term (≥42 0/7 wk) | 510 (1.2) | 220 (0.5) | <.001 |
| Cervical dilatation on admission, mean (SD), cm | 4.2 (2.6) | 3.1 (2.2) | <.001 |
| Cervical effacement on admission, mean (SD), % | 76.9 (23.2) | 68.4 (26.2) | <.001 |
| Type of labor, n (%) | |||
| Spontaneous onset and trial of labor | 31,077 (63.6) | 18,347 (38.3) | <.001 |
| Induction and trial of labor | 11,522 (23.6) | 20,687 (43.2) | <.001 |
| Cesarean without trial of labor | 6257 (12.8) | 8835 (18.5) | <.001 |
| Mode of birth | |||
| Vaginal, spontaneous | 33,694 (69) | 29,582 (61.7) | <.001 |
| Vaginal, assisted | 2382 (4.9) | 2311 (4.8) | <.001 |
| Cesarean | 12,781 (26.1) | 16,063 (33.5) | <.001 |
| Postpartum hemorrhage, n (%) | 1329 (2.7) | 1417 (3.0) | .029 |
| Maternal death, n (%) | 0 | 2 | .245 |
| Neonatal sex, n (%) | |||
| Female | 24,032 (49.2) | 23,419 (48.8) | .445 |
| Male | 24,793 (50.8) | 24,497 (51.1) | .282 |
| Not reported | 32 (.03) | 37 (.04) | |
| Neonatal weight, mean (SD), g | 3268.5 (603.9) | 3157.1 (642.5) | <.001 |
| Birth weight categories,c n (%) | |||
| SGA (<10th percentile) | 5886 (12.3) | 5037 (10.8) | <.001 |
| AGA | 37,172 (77.6) | 37,299 (79.9) | <.001 |
| LGA (>90th percentile) | 4820 (10.1) | 4307 (9.2) | <.001 |
| Apgar score <7 at 1 min, n (%) | 3563 (7.4) | 3840 (8.1) | <.001 |
| Apgar score <7 at 5 min, n (%) | 799 (1.7) | 884 (1.8) | <.001 |
| Neonatal intensive care unit admission, n (%) | 5209 (10.7) | 6151 (12.9) | <.001 |
| Stillbirth, neonatal death, n (%) | 326 (0.7) | 423 (0.9) | <.001 |
Abbreviations: AGA, average for gestational age; LGA, large for gestational age; SGA, small for gestational age.
a
Interprofessional group includes centers with midwifery presence.
b
Non-interprofessional group includes centers without midwifery presence.
c
Does not equal 100% because of missing data.