Table 1. Additions and adaptations to the original mesowear technique-ordered by mesowear technique and date.
Technique | References | Description | Scores |
---|---|---|---|
Original mesowear—Mesowear I | Fortelius & Solounias (2000) | –Using the naked eye or ×10 magnification | OR: low, high |
–Scoring only sharpest buccal cusp of maxillary M2 | CS: blunt, round, sharp | ||
–Last molar in occlusion and M1 shape similar to M2 | |||
–Percentage of high relief and Percentage of sharp, round and blunt cusps | |||
Mesowear I—Adapted for Equidae | Kaiser & Fortelius (2003) | Method extended to all apices on maxillary P4–M3 in equids | Replaces original mesowear |
Mesowear I | Franz-Odendaal & Kaiser (2003) | Method extended to maxillary M3, and mandibular M2 in ruminants | Replaces original mesowear |
Mesowear I—Adapted for Lagomorpha | Fraser & Theodor (2010) | ‘Cusp relief’ combined with ‘buccal shearing crush wear’ on maxillary and mandibular P4–M2–resulting in 5 dietary classes | 1: 45° enamel-dentine relief with no additional wea 2: 45° enamel-dentine relief with buccal shearing crush wear 3: 45° enamel-dentine relief with buccal shearing crush & phase II wear 4: 90° enamel-dentine relief with no additional wear 5: 90° enamel-dentine relief with buccal shearing crush wear |
Mesowear I—Adapted for Conodonta | Purnell & Jones (2012) | Scored on P1 elements | Not truly mesowear, does not have scores |
Mesowear I—Adapted for Leporines & Murines | Ulbricht, Maul & Schulz (2015) | Classical mesowear on the maxillary M1–M2, and mandibular p3 in leporinae and distal side of the maxillary M1 and mandibular m1 in murinae | Same scores as original mesowear |
Mesowear I—Adapted for voles | Kropacheva et al. (2017) | Maxillary M1–M2, mandibular m1 | Occlusal relief 1–7 |
Lateral facet development 1–3 | |||
Mesowear II—‘Mesowear ruler’ | Mihlbachler et al. (2011) | Simplified score using gauges and a seven-point system | Combined score 0–6 |
Mesowear II—‘Mesowear ruler’ | Wolf, Semprebon & Bernor (2012) | Additional intermediate scores | Combined score 0–13 in increments of 0.5 |
‘Mesowear angles’—Adapted for Proboscidea | Saarinen et al. (2015) | ‘Mean mesowear angles of three central lamellae in occlusion’ on all except deciduous teeth | Mean mesowear angle <106°: C3-plant based diet >130°: C4-plant based diet (grazer) |
“Mesowear angles”–Adapted for Xenarthra | Saarinen & Karme (2017) | All molariform teeth | For Xenarthra, Folivora: Mean mesowear angle: 60°–85°: fruit browsers 75°–100°: leaf browsers 100–132°: mixed-feeders 132°–150°: grass dominated mixed-feeders 150°–190°: grazers For Xenarthra, Cingulata: 60°–100°: carnivore, insectivore, omnivore, possibly browsers 100°–125°: browse-dominated mixed-feeders & herbivorous omnivores 125°–152°: grass-dominated mixed-feeder 152°–190°: grazers |
Mesowear II | Mihlbachler & Solounias (2006) | Simplified score, only proportion of sharp cusps | Proportion of sharp cusps: 40–100%: Clean browser 20–40%: Mixed feeders: 0–20%: Grazer |
Mesowear II ‘quantitative mesowear’ | Widga (2006) | Interval measurements of cusp and saddle heights to calculate cusp relief | Index of cusp relief: Low ICR: grazer High ICR: browser |
Mesowear II | Rivals & Semprebon (2006) | Simplified score combining OR and CS | 0: high relief & sharp cusps 1: high relief & round cusps 2: low relief & round cusps 3: low relief & blunt cuspss |
Mesowear II | Kaiser (2009) | 0: high relief & sharp cusps | |
1: high relief & round cusps | |||
2: low relief & sharp cusps | |||
3: low relief & round cusps | |||
4: low relief & blunt cusps | |||
Mesowear II | Rivals, Schulz & Kaiser (2009) | 0: high relief & sharp cusps | |
1: high relief & round cusps | |||
2: low relief & round cusps | |||
2.5: low relief & sharp cusps | |||
3: low relief & blunt cusps | |||
Mesowear II | Croft & Weinstein (2008) | 0: high relief & sharp cusps | |
1: high relief & round cusps | |||
2: low relief & round cusps | |||
2.5: low relief & sharp cusps | |||
3: high/low relief & blunt cusps | |||
Mesowear II | Fraser et al. (2014) | Method extended to mandibular P4–M3 for ruminants | 1: high relief & sharp cusps 2: high relief & round cusps 3: high relief & very round cusps 4: low relief & round-blunt cusps 5: low relief & flat-blunt cusps |
Mesowear II—Adapted for Marsupialia | Butler, Louys & Travouillon (2014) | Use of classical mesowear and a combined score on the maxillary left maxillary molars, scoring sharpest buccal cusp | Combined score as in Kaiser (2009) |
Mesowear I & II—Expanded | Winkler & Kaiser (2011) | Intermediate stages added to original and combined score | OR: low, high-low, high, high-high CS: blunt, round-round, round, round-sharp, sharp |
Combined score 1–17 | |||
Mesowear I and II—Expanded, Adapted for Rhinocerotidae | Taylor et al. (2013) | Expanded version and combined score on maxillary P2–M2. | Combined score 1–11 |
Mesowear III—‘Inner mesowear’ | Solounias et al. (2014) | Scores the second enamel band, using a stereo-microscope Mesial side, distal side and junction point are scored separately |
Enamel band wear states: 1: ideal browser 2–3: intermediate 4: ideal grazer Junction point score 1–4 |