Table 3. Association between HCV exposure and selected characteristics of female sex workers who reported never having injected drugs in three urban cities of Viet Nam, 2013.
| Variable | % | Crude association |
Adjusted association* |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | aOR | 95% CI | ||
|
Sociodemographic | |||||
|
Age (years) |
(n = 1 684) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| 18–24 |
21.4 |
1.00 |
- |
1.00 |
- |
| 25–29 |
22.2 |
1.98 |
1.09, 3.58 |
1.53 |
0.74, 3.16 |
| 30–34 |
25.0 |
3.24 |
1.73, 6.07 |
1.61 |
0.76, 3.41 |
| 35+ |
31.3 |
2.72 |
1.50, 4.94 |
1.63 |
0.76, 3.52 |
|
Obtained grade 6 or higher education (%) |
(n = 1 686) 77.2 |
1.17 |
0.76, 1.82 |
- |
- |
|
Marital status |
(n = 1 686) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| Never been married |
34.0 |
1.00 |
- |
1.00 |
- |
| Married |
12.3 |
0.94 |
0.52, 1.68 |
0.53 |
0.24, 1.18 |
| Separated/divorced |
46.5 |
1.52 |
1.01, 2.29 |
1.23 |
0.71, 2.14 |
| Widowed |
7.1 |
2.86 |
1.56, 5.24 |
1.35 |
0.61, 2.98 |
|
Occupational characteristics and sexual behaviours | |||||
|
Age at first sex (per year increase) |
(n = 1 604) |
0.97 |
0.91, 1.03 |
- |
- |
|
Years in sex work (per year increase) |
(n = 1 592) |
1.03 |
1.00, 1.06 |
- |
- |
|
Total monthly income (VND, using IQR categories) |
(n = 1 643) |
|
|
- |
- |
| < 5 million |
- |
1.00 |
- |
- |
- |
| 5 to < 7 million |
- |
0.71 |
0.43, 1.16 |
- |
- |
| 7 to < 8.5 million |
- |
0.68 |
0.39, 1.17 |
- |
- |
| ≥ 8.5 million |
- |
0.72 |
0.47, 1.10 |
- |
- |
|
Negotiate sex mainly on street or in other public areas |
(n = 1 686) 41.1 |
1.70 |
1.14, 2.55 |
- |
- |
|
Ever sold sex in other provinces |
(n = 686) 7.1 |
2.04 |
1.23, 3.38 |
- |
- |
|
Had over 10 sex clients in past month |
(n = 1 686) 73.1 |
2.17 |
1.36, 3.48 |
2.16 |
1.25, 3.72 |
|
Consistent condom use with clients in past month |
(n = 1 686) 71.4 |
0.99 |
0.69, 1.41 |
- |
- |
|
Alcohol and drug use behaviours | |||||
|
Daily alcohol consumption in past month |
(n = 1 686) 12.7 |
0.85 |
0.49, 1.48 |
- |
- |
|
Non-injection drug use (lifetime) |
(n = 1 686) 8.9 |
3.10 |
2.01, 4.79 |
3.25 |
1.84, 5.73 |
|
Sex partners’ drug use behaviour | |||||
|
Sex partners injected drugs in past month |
(n = 1 686) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| No |
64.9 |
1.00 |
- |
- |
- |
| Yes |
11.9 |
1.51 |
0.90, 2.54 |
- |
- |
| Unknown |
23.2 |
1.86 |
1.30, 2.68 |
- |
- |
|
Incarceration history | |||||
|
Ever detained in rehabilitation centre for sex workers |
(n = 1 682) 8.02 |
2.63 |
1.64, 4.21 |
2.19 |
1.19, 4.02 |
|
STI | |||||
|
Experienced genital pain or ulcers in past 12 months |
(n = 1 686) 53.3 |
1.12 |
0.81, 1.56 |
- |
- |
|
Blood-borne infections | |||||
|
HBV |
(n = 1 686) 65.4 |
0.82 |
0.60, 1.11 |
- |
- |
|
HIV |
(n = 1 686) 10.9 |
20.31 |
13.98, 29.49 |
24.16 |
14.81, 39.41 |
|
Province |
(n = 1 484) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| Hanoi |
- |
1.32 |
0.84, 2.12 |
- |
- |
| Hai Phong |
- |
1.95 |
1.34, 2.86 |
- |
- |
| Ho Chi Minh City | - | 1.00 | - | - | - |
* n = 1828. Variables in multivariate model are adjusted for age and marital status.