Table 1.
Characteristics of Study Population at Cohort Entry Date by Exposure
| Total, N=131,604 (%) | Exposure on Cohort Entry Date | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMARDs Only, N=24,678 (%) | Apremilast Only, N=9422 (%) | Apremilast + Other, N=652 (%) | TNF-I Biologics Only, N=47,361 (%) | IL-i Biologics Only, N=12,438 (%) | CS Only, N=20,692 (%) | DMARDs + CS, N=6318 (%) | TNF-i with DMARDs and/or CS, N=9029 (%) | IL-i with DMARDs and/or CS, N=1014 (%) | ||
| Age at cohort entry | ||||||||||
| Less than 40 years | 32,024 (24.3) | 5305 (21.5) | 2286 (24.3) | 112 (17.2) | 13,067 (27.6) | 3928 (31.6) | 4336 (21.0) | 1107 (17.5) | 1694 (18.8) | 189 (18.6) |
| 40–49 years | 30,748 (23.4) | 5142 (20.8) | 2103 (22.3) | 155 (23.8) | 11,933 (25.2) | 3194 (25.7) | 4569 (22.1) | 1345 (21.3) | 2051 (22.7) | 256 (25.3) |
| 50–59 years | 39,376 (29.9) | 7484 (30.3) | 2896 (30.7) | 208 (31.9) | 13,601 (28.7) | 3381 (27.2) | 6410 (31.0) | 2034 (32.2) | 2995 (33.2) | 367 (36.2) |
| 60–69 years | 23,308 (17.7) | 5115 (20.7) | 1712 (18.2) | 134 (20.6) | 7334 (15.5) | 1644 (13.2) | 3989 (19.3) | 1317 (20.9) | 1896 (21.0) | 167 (16.5) |
| ≥70 years | 6148 (4.7) | 1632 (6.6) | 425 (4.5) | 43 (6.6) | 1426 (3.0) | 291 (2.3) | 1388 (6.7) | 515 (8.2) | 393 (4.4) | 35 (3.5) |
| Median (years) | 50 | 52 | 51 | 53 | 48 | 47 | 52 | 53 | 52 | 51 |
| Sex | ||||||||||
| Female | 66,474 (50.5) | 13,422 (54.4) | 4941 (52.4) | 400 (61.4) | 20,874 (44.1) | 5667 (45.6) | 11,790 (57.0) | 3828 (60.6) | 5018 (55.6) | 534 (52.7) |
| Male | 65,130 (49.5) | 11,256 (45.6) | 4481 (47.6) | 252 (38.7) | 26,487 (55.9) | 6771 (54.4) | 8902 (43.0) | 2490 (39.4) | 4011 (44.4) | 480 (47.3) |
| Indication for use | ||||||||||
| PsA (with or without psoriasis) | 56,549 (43.0) | 10,471 (42.4) | 1997 (21.2) | 197 (30.2) | 19,364 (40.9) | 2159 (17.4) | 12,894 (62.3) | 2977 (47.1) | 6132 (67.9) | 359 (35.4) |
| Psoriasis only | 75,055 (57.0) | 14,207 (57.6) | 7425 (78.8) | 455 (69.8) | 27,998 (59.1) | 10,279 (82.6) | 7798 (37.7) | 3341 (52.9) | 2897 (32.1) | 655 (65.6) |
| Duration of psoriasis/PsA before cohort entry | ||||||||||
| <1 year | 33,027 (25.1) | 7870 (31.9) | 2672 (28.4) | 226 (34.7) | 7904 (16.7) | 1361 (10.9) | 8312 (40.2) | 2920 (46.2) | 1607 (17.8) | 155 (15.3) |
| 1–<3 years | 16,723 (12.7) | 3131 (12.7) | 1203 (12.8) | 78 (12.0) | 6146 (13.0) | 1295 (10.4) | 2545 (12.3) | 820 (13.0) | 1376 (15.2) | 129 (0.8) |
| 3–<5 years | 3433 (2.6) | 618 (2.5) | 691 (7.3) | 35 (5.4) | 738 (1.6) | 240 (1.9) | 819 (4.0) | 202 (3.2) | 76 (0.8) | 14 (0.4) |
| ≥5 years | 2634 (2.0) | 413 (1.7) | 693 (7.4) | 33 (5.1) | 500 (1.1) | 302 (2.4) | 515 (2.5) | 119 (1.9) | 48 (0.5) | 11 (0.4) |
| Unknown | 75,787 (57.6) | 12,646 (51.2) | 4163 (44.2) | 280 (42.9) | 32,073 (67.7) | 9240 (74.3) | 8501 (41.1) | 2257 (35.7) | 5922 (65.6) | 705 (69.5) |
| Median (years) (excluding unknown) |
0.6 | 0.3 | 1.0 | 0.4 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.9 | 1.0 |
| Chronic infection risk Factors before cohort entry | ||||||||||
| Diabetes | 19,824 (15.1) | 3818 (15.5) | 1454 (15.4) | 137 (21.0) | 6217 (13.1) | 1654 (13.3) | 3581 (17.3) | 1123 (17.8) | 1641 (18.2) | 199 (19.6) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other lung diseases* | 15,686 (11.9) | 2966 (12.0) | 1148 (12.2) | 124 (19.0) | 4011 (8.5) | 990 (8.0) | 3698 (17.9) | 1232 (19.5) | 1359 (15.1) | 158 (15.6) |
| Heart failure | 2771 (2.1) | 565 (2.3) | 247 (2.6) | 22 (3.4) | 604 (1.3) | 193 (1.6) | 657 (3.2) | 234 (3.7) | 224 (2.5) | 25 (2.5) |
| Angina | 2303 (1.8) | 414 (1.7) | 179 (1.9) | 24 (3.7) | 565 (1.2) | 154 (1.2) | 574 (2.8) | 171 (2.7) | 206 (2.3) | 16 (1.6) |
| Gastrointestinal ulcer | 1539 (1.2) | 267 (1.1) | 99 (1.1) | 10 (1.5) | 420 (0.9) | 101 (0.8) | 353 (1.7) | 125 (2.0) | 155 (1.7) | 9 (0.9) |
| Dementia | 224 (0.2) | 54 (0.2) | 19 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 48 (0.1) | 15 (0.1) | 59 (0.3) | 16 (0.3) | 12 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) |
| Crohn’s disease | 3555 (2.7) | 206 (0.8) | 40 (0.4) | 8 (1.2) | 2046 (4.3) | 114 (0.9) | 249 (1.2) | 95 (1.5) | 779 (8.6) | 18 (1.8) |
| Ulcerative colitis | 2388 (1.8) | 173 (0.7) | 61 (0.7) | 9 (1.4) | 1155 (2.4) | 79 (0.6) | 296 (1.4) | 86 (1.4) | 522 (5.8) | 7 (0.7) |
| Diffuse diseases of connective tissue* | 4028 (3.1) | 938 (3.8) | 191 (2.0) | 23 (3.5) | 792 (1.7) | 90 (0.7) | 1020 (4.9) | 556 (8.8) | 388 (4.3) | 30 (3.0) |
| Multiple sclerosis | 458 (0.4) | 119 (0.5) | 46 (0.5) | 2 (0.3) | 56 (0.1) | 42 (0.3) | 119 (0.6) | 45 (0.7) | 23 (0.3) | 6 (0.6) |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 12,532 (9.5) | 2384 (9.7) | 289 (3.1) | 33 (5.1) | 3994 (8.4) | 268 (2.2) | 2079 (10.1) | 1017 (16.1) | 2370 (26.3) | 98 (9.7) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 2667 (2.0) | 525 (2.1) | 237 (2.5) | 24 (3.7) | 607 (1.2) | 143 (1.2) | 672 (3.3) | 238 (3.8) | 206 (2.3) | 15 (1.5) |
Notes: *Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other lung diseases included asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, bronchiectasis and pneumoconiosis. Diffuse diseases of connective tissue included systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatopolymyositis, systemic sclerosis and other systemic disorders of connective tissue.