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. 2019 Dec 12;8(1):e76–e91. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30462-0

Table 4.

Country-level linear regression analyses of the associations between injecting and sex risk variables and age and injecting history

Percentage of PWID with injecting risk
Percentage of PWID with sex risk

Univariable analysis (n=70)
Multivariable analysis (n=51)
Univariable analysis (n=59)
Multivariable analysis (n=NA)
n Coefficient (95% CI) p value Coefficient (95% CI) p value n Coefficient (95% CI) p value Coefficient (95% CI) p value
Average age 70 0·01 (−0·05 to 0·06) 0·811 .. .. 58 −0·00 (−0·07 to 0·06) 0·919 .. ..
Duration of injecting 56 −0·03 (−0·09 to 0·02) 0·237 .. .. 48 −0·04 (−0·13 to 0·05) 0·410 .. ..
Average age of onset of injecting 56 0·06 (0·01 to 0·12) 0·030 0·06 (0·01 to 0·12) 0·030 47 0·04 (−0·05 to 0·13) 0·414 .. ..
Percentage of young PWID 55 0·82 (−1·06 to 2·70) 0·384 .. .. 46 0·76 (−1·62 to 3·14) 0·523 .. ..
Urban population growth 69 0·05 (−0·09 to 0·20) 0·470 .. .. 57 −0·02 (−0·20 to 0·16) 0·855 .. ..
Youth unemployment 68 −0·00 (−0·02 to 0·02) 0·990 .. .. 56 0·01 (−0·02 to 0·03) 0·647 .. ..
GDP (per US$1000 increase) 66 0·00 (−0·01 to 0·02) 0·686 .. .. 55 0·00 (−0·02 to 0·02) 0·833 .. ..
Gini coefficient (per score increase) 67 0·01 (−0·03 to 0·05) 0·594 .. .. 55 −0·01 (−0·07 to 0·04) 0·586 .. ..
Opioid substitution therapy coverage (per % increase in coverage) 58 0·00 (−0·01 to 0·01) 0·652 .. .. 47 −0·00 (−0·01 to 0·01) 0·691 .. ..
Percentage of PWID who are women 68 −0·01 (−0·03 to 0·01) 0·341 .. .. 56 0·00 (−0·03 to 0·03) 0·960 .. ..
Proportion of the general population aged 15–24 years 70 0·00 (−0·07 to 0·06) 0·886 .. .. 58 0·02 (−0·06 to 0·11) 0·578 .. ..

n refers to number of countries. Injecting risk and sexual risk variables were logit transformed. GDP=gross domestic product. NA=not applicable. PWID=people who inject drugs.