Table 3.

Regression analyses for 2017 aggregate scores and seven explanatory variables

		Simple linear regression (unadjusted)			Multiple linear regression (adjusted)
		Effect (95% CI)	R2	p value	Effect (95% CI)	p value
Percentage of deaths caused by non-communicable diseases		0·11 (0·09 to 0·12)	0·53	0·0045	0·02 (−0·04 to 0·08)	0·508
Risk of premature mortality		–0·18 (−0·28 to −0·09)	0·09	0·0098	–0·01 (−0·10 to 0·09)	0·901
Human capital index		16·32 (13·84 to 18·80)	0·54	<0·0001	17·21 (5·84 to 28·59)	0·003
Democracy index		0·71 (0·46 to 0·97)	0·18	0·0039	–0·12 (−0·47 to 0·23)	0·502
Region		··	0·45	0·0010	··	··
	Europe and central Asia	1 (ref)	··	··	1 (ref)	··
	Latin America and Caribbean	–2·13 (−3·58 to −0·68)	0·68	0·004	–0·20 (−2·04 to 1·63)	0·826
	Middle East and north Africa	–0·65 (−2·15 to 0·86)	0·86	0·397	0·78 (−1·11 to 2·67)	0·414
	North America	–0·50 (−3·65 to 2·66)	2·65	0·754	–1·31 (−4·23 to 1·62)	0·379
	South Asia	–1·70 (−4·19 to 0·79)	0·79	0·180	2·44 (−0·40 to 5·28)	0·092
	Sub-Saharan Africa	–5·88 (−7·05 to −4·72)	4·72	0·0091	–0·59 (−3·61 to 2·43)	0·700
	East Asia and Pacific	–1·71 (−3·21 to −0·2)	0·20	0·027	–0·03 (−1·76 to 1·70)	0·973
Tax burden		··	0·37	<0·0001	··	··
	Bottom quartile	1 (ref)	··	··	1 (ref)	··
	Third quartile	0·44 (−1·13 to 2)	··	0·584	0·80 (−0·64 to 2·24)	0·271
	Second quartile	2·73 (1·19 to 4·27)	··	0·001	1·69 (−0·14 to 3·52)	0·070
	Top quartile	1·84 (0·27 to 3·40)	··	0·022	0·27 (−1·74 to 2·28)	0·790
	Missing data	–3·03 (−4·47 to −1·60)	··	0·0084	0·85 (−1·02 to 2·72)	0·369
Income group		··	0·41	<0·0001	··	··
	Low	1 (ref)	··	··	1 (ref)	··
	Lower-middle	1·90 (0·53 to 3·28)	··	0·007	–0·90 (−2·39 to 0·59)	0·235
	Upper-middle	4·43 (3·08 to 5·79)	··	<0·0001	–0·86 (−3·00 to 1·29)	0·430
	High	5·83 (4·54 to 7·11)	··	<0·0001	–1·97 (−4·99 to 1·05)	0·199