Table 3.

Investment guide posts for PHC (measure 1), across income groups

		Year	Low-income countries	Lower-middle-income countries	Upper-middle-income countries	All 67 countries
Costs
Total additional cost (recurrent and capital; billion US$)		Sum 2020–30	396	960	858	2215
Annual additional cost (billion US$)
	Recurrent and capital	Average 2020–30	36	87	78	200
	Recurrent only	Average 2020-30	30	77	72	179
Current health expenditure per capita		2016	36	84	513	252
Current per capita PHC expenditure (recurrent only)*		2016	25	34	304	62
Additional PHC per capita cost (US$)
	Recurrent and capital	Average 2020–30	48	29	32	32
	Recurrent only	Average 2020–30	40	25	29	28
Total recurrent cost per capita for PHC (current per capita PHC expenditure plus additional PHC per capita cost; recurrent only; US$)		2030	65	59	334	90
Health workers
Total number of health workers, per 1000 population		Latest year available	1·4	4·6	7·9	5·6
Health workers needed for PHC services, per 1000 population		2030	5·9	6·0	8·1	6·7
Outpatient visits
Total outpatient visits for modelled PHC interventions, per year, per capita		2030	5·7	4·0	8·7	6·0
Incremental outpatient visits for modelled PHC interventions, per year, per capita		2030	4·0	2·3	3·5	3·0
Health impact
Total number of deaths averted because of PHC (millions)		Total 2020–30	16·2	30·6	13·5	60·1
Gains in life expectancy at birth (years)		2030 compared with 2015 baseline	6·7	4·0	2·3	3·7

Because of rounding, numbers might not add up. PHC=primary health care. All numbers are in US$ (2014) unless otherwise indicated. All per-capita numbers are population weighted.

^*Using measure defined as option 5 within Van de Maele and colleagues' study.³