Figure 3.

AE enhanced H9C2 cell viability and reduced ROS production after PA challenge. H9C2 cells pretreated with different concentrations of AE for 1 h and incubated with PA (500 μM) for 14 h were used for calcein-AM/PI staining, DCFH-DA assay, and investigation of SOD expression. The images from fluorescence microscopy and data from the microplate reader are shown in (a)–(c). Data are expressed as the mean ± SD. Transverse line = 100 μm (n = 4; ^∗P < 0.05 and ^∗∗∗P < 0.001 compared to the control group; ^#P < 0.05 and ^###P < 0.001 compared to the PA group).