Table 2.
Factors associated with time to ART initiation among people living with HIV enrolled in AFRICOS
| Unadjusted HR | Adjusted HR | |
|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | |
| Era | ||
| <2006 | Ref | – |
| 2006 to 2009 | 1.97 (1.67 to 2.32) | 2.12 (1.79 to 2.50) |
| 2010 to 2012 | 2.92 (2.45 to 3.49) | 3.86 (3.22 to 4.63) |
| 2013 to 2015 | 4.79 (4.03 to 5.70) | 7.57 (6.32 to 9.07) |
| 2016+ | 10.16 (8.38 to 12.33) | 18.86 (15.39 to 23.10) |
| CD4 nadir | ||
| <200 | Ref | – |
| 200 to 349 | 0.70 (0.63 to 0.76) | 0.72 (0.66 to 0.80) |
| 350 to 499 | 0.57 (0.50 to 0.64) | 0.48 (0.42 to 0.55) |
| 500+ | 0.51 (0.45 to 0.58) | 0.32 (0.28 to 0.37) |
| WHO stage | ||
| 1 | Ref | – |
| 2 | 1.12 (1.02 to 1.23) | 1.07 (0.97 to 1.18) |
| 3 | 1.39 (1.26 to 1.55) | 1.36 (1.22 to 1.52) |
| 4 | 1.31 (1.07 to 1.62) | 1.41 (1.14 to 1.74) |
| Gender | ||
| Male | Ref | – |
| Female | 0.81 (0.75 to 0.88) | |
| Country | ||
| Uganda | Ref | – |
| Kenya | 1.31 (1.18 to 1.46) | 1.44 (1.29 to 1.60) |
| Tanzania | 1.73 (1.52 to 1.96) | 1.55 (1.36 to 1.77) |
| Nigeria | 1.70 (1.45 to 1.99) | 1.86 (1.58 to 2.19) |
| Age at diagnosis | ||
| 18 to 29 | Ref | – |
| 30 to 39 | 1.34 (1.21 to 1.47) | 1.18 (1.07 to 1.30) |
| 40 to 49 | 1.61 (1.44 to 1.80) | 1.36 (1.22 to 1.52) |
| 50+ | 1.70 (1.47 to 1.98) | 1.38 (1.19 to 1.61) |
| Education | ||
| None or some primary | Ref | – |
| Primary or some secondary | 1.11 (1.01 to 1.21) | |
| Secondary + | 1.13 (1.02 to 1.24) | |
CI, confidence intervals; HR, hazard ratios; WHO, World Health Organization.