Table 1.
Deaths among all MSD cases and non-dysenteric and dysenteric subgroups, and their matched controls, by site in both GEMS and GEMS-1A during 4 years of enrolment
|
MSD cases and their matched controls |
Non-dysenteric MSD cases and their matched controls |
Dysenteric MSD cases and their matched controls |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases | Controls | HR (95% CI) | p value | Cases | Controls | HR (95% CI) | p value | Cases | Controls | HR (95% CI) | p value | |
| The Gambia | 47/1238 (3·8%) | 8/2036 (0·4%) | 8·62 (3·82–19·42) | <0·0001 | 36/897 (4·0%) | 8/1449 (0·6%) | 6·20 (2·68–14·31) | <0·0001 | 11/341 (3·2%) | 0/587 | ∞ | .. |
| Mali | 25/2430 (1·0%) | 5/2546 (0·2%) | 7·67 (2·30–25·53) | <0·0009 | 22/2116 (1·0%) | 5/2222 (0·2%) | 6·67 (1·98–22·44) | <0·0022 | 3/314 (1·0%) | 0/324 | ∞ | .. |
| Mozambique | 59/725 (8·1%) | 13/1550 (0·8%) | 10·15 (5·27–19·55) | <0·0001 | 56/588 (9·5%) | 13/1260 (1·0%) | 9·60 (4·97–18·56) | <0·0001 | 3/137 (2·2) | 0/290 | ∞ | .. |
| Kenya | 62/1718 (3·6%) | 14/2388 (0·6%) | 6·07 (3·25–11·33) | <0·0001 | 59/1517 (3·9%) | 12/2087 (0·6%) | 7·05 (3·59–13·85) | <0·0001 | 3/201 (1·5%) | 2/301 (0·7%) | 1·19 (0·16–8·61) | 0·087 |
| India | 2/2023 (0·1%) | 1/2522 (<0·1%) | 2·49* (0·33–19·02) | 1·000 | 2/1764 (0·1%) | 1/2167 (<0·1%) | 2·46* (0·32–18·74) | 1·000 | 0/259 | 0/355 | ∞ | .. |
| Bangladesh | 7/1691 (0·4%) | 1/3153 (<0·1%) | 11·25 (1·37–92·40) | 0·024 | 6/400 (1·5%) | 0/760 | ∞ | .. | 1/1291 (0·1%) | 1/2393 (<0·1%) | 1·85* (0·20–17·74) | .. |
| Pakistan | 21/1283 (1·6%) | 1/2174 (<0·1%) | 16·00 (2·12–120·65) | 0·0071 | 18/982 (1·8%) | 1/1595 (0·1%) | 13·0 (1·70–99·35) | 0·0134 | 3/301 (1·0%) | 0/579 | ∞ | .. |
| All sites, age 0–59 months | 223†/11 108 (2·0%) | 43/16 369 (0·3%) | 8·16 (5·69–11·68) | <0·0001 | 199/8264 (2·4%) | 40/11 540 (0·3%) | 7·95 (5·46–11·59) | <0·0001 | 24/2844 (0·8%) | 3/4829 (0·1%) | 10·38 (3·08–34·96) | 0·0002 |
| All sites, age 0–11 months | 125/4621 (2·7%) | 27/5978 (0·5%) | 6·42 (4·10–10·06) | <0·0001 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| All sites, age 12–23 months | 70/3768 (1·9%) | 13/5484 (0·2%) | 9·54 (4·87–18·70) | <0·0001 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| All sites, age 24–59 months | 28/2719 (1·0%) | 3/4907 (0·1%) | 22·47 (5·29–95·41) | <0·0001 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Data are number of deaths/total (%), unless otherwise stated. Also shown are the distributions of deaths in cases of MSD and deaths in controls by age stratum. MSD=moderate-to-severe diarrhoea. HR=hazard ratio.
*
Because of the small number of deaths, for these analyses a simple risk ratio was estimated by a likelihood score method rather than HR by Cox regression.
†
The 223 total deaths in children with MSD includes 97 (43·5%) girls and 126 (56·5%) boys, paralleling the enrolment distribution by sex of MSD cases (5280 [43·6%] girls, 6829 [56·4%] boys).