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. 2020 Jan 29;11:65. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00065

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Copyright © 2020 Neumann, Björck and Frick.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Protein L triggers HBP and cytokine release. (A–H) Neutrophils were incubated with F. magna bacteria or their proteins for 2 h and supernatants were collected for (A) NE enzyme activity, (B) HPB release or (C–H) cytokine profiling. (A) Enzyme activity was measured using NE EnzChek assay kit. None of the used stimuli triggered enzyme activity. (B) Protein L significantly induced the release of HBP. Whole bacteria and protein F had no effect on the HBP release. (C–H) Cytokine profile was determined after co-incubation of neutrophils with F. magna-derived proteins FAF (3.8 μg/ml) or protein L (3 μg/ml) for 2 h. (C) IL-4, (D) IL-8, (E) IL-12, F) INFγ, (G) MIP-1b and (H) RANTES/CCL5. Data represent mean ± SEM of 3 independent experiments. *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001, ****p ≤ 0.0001.