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. 2020 Feb 7;10:31. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00031

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Copyright © 2020 Shahid, Cavalcante, Knight, Barkema, Han, Gao and Cobo.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Lesser synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines in Camp^−/− mice infected with Prototheca bovis. Camp^+/+ and Camp^−/− were intramammary challenged with P. bovis or PBS (control). Transcriptomic expression and protein secretion of pro-inflammatory genes in the mammary gland including (A,B) TNF-α, (C,D) Cxcl-1, (E) IL-1β, (F) β-defensin-4, and (G) Camp were determined at 4 d post-infection. mRNA synthesis was quantified using RT qPCR and protein secretion was determined in cell supernatant by ELISA. Data are means ± SEM (n = 4/group). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 (one-way ANOVA post hoc Bonferroni correction) was considered significant.