Figure 6.

Synthetic human cathelicidin LL-37 mitigated production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in murine macrophages and mammary epithelia infected with Prototheca bovis. Murine phagocytic (J774.A1) macrophages (A–C) and mammary epithelial (HC-11) cells (D–F) were challenged with P. bovis (1 × 10⁵ cfu/mL) ± synthetic human cathelicidin LL-37 (2 μM) (37°C with 5% CO₂). Transcriptomic expression of (A,D) TNF-α, (B,E) Cxcl-1 and (C,F) IL-1β were determined at 2 and 8 h post-infection. mRNA synthesis was quantified using RT qPCR. Data are shown as means ± SEM (n = 3 independent experiments done in triplicate). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 (one-way ANOVA post hoc Bonferroni correction) was considered significant. Ns, not significant.