Comparison 6. Prevention of UI after radical: PFMT ± biofeedback versus no treatment.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Number of incontinent men	8		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
1.1 less than 3 months	7	663	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.93 [0.83, 1.06]
1.2 within 3‐6 months	7	697	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.85 [0.75, 0.97]
1.3 within 6‐12 months	6	640	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.51 [0.35, 0.75]
1.4 after 12 months	2	373	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.32 [0.20, 0.51]
2 Pad changes over 24 hours	1		Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	Totals not selected
2.1 less than 3 months	1		Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
2.2 within 3‐6 months	1		Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
2.3 within 6 ‐ 12 months	1		Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
3 1 hour pad test (grams of urine lost)	1		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Totals not selected
3.1 Less than 3 months	1		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
3.2 Within 3‐6 months	1		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
3.3 Within 6‐12 months	1		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
4 24 hour pad test (gm/24hrs)	4		Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
4.1 less than 3 months	3	424	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐78.19 [‐211.46, 55.07]
4.2 within 3‐6 months	2	373	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐73.28 [‐196.42, 49.86]
4.3 within 6‐12 months	2	373	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐14.50 [‐18.36, ‐10.64]
4.4 after first year	2	378	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐1.0 [‐1.81, ‐0.19]
5 Number of incontinence episodes per day	1		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Totals not selected
5.1 less than 3 months	1		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
5.2 within 3‐6 months	1		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
5.3 within 6‐12 months	1		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
5.4 after first year	0		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
6 Urinary Incontinence Score (ICI‐short form)	2		Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
6.1 less than 3 months	1	32	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	6.5 [3.45, 9.55]
6.2 within 3‐6 months	2	105	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐1.21 [‐5.99, 3.56]
6.3 within 6‐12 months	2	105	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.69 [‐3.19, 1.81]
7 Quality of Life Score (IIQ)	1		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Totals not selected
7.1 less than 3 months	0		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
7.2 within 3‐6 months	1		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
7.3 within 6‐12 months	0		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
7.4 after first year	0		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
8 Pelvic floor muscle strength (anal squeeze pressure, cm H2O)	1		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Totals not selected
8.1 less than 3 months	0		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
8.2 within 3‐6 months	1		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
8.3 within 6‐12 months	1		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
8.4 after first year	1		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
9 Number of men not carrying out sufficient PFMT	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Totals not selected
9.1 less than 3 months	0		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
9.2 within 3‐6 months	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
9.3 within 6‐12 months	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
9.4 after 12 months	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
10 Number of men having surgery for incontinence	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Totals not selected