Ghanem 2013.

Methods	RCT
Participants	Time of recruitment: pre‐operative Population: 100 men undergoing a radical prostatectomy (whole population, with or without UI) Included: men undergoing RP for clinically localized prostate cancer. Excluded: patients who had previous pelvic organ surgeries, patients with central or peripheral neurologic diseases   Age (mean, SD): not reported   Dropouts: not reported Baseline characteristics: not reported
Interventions	Time of intervention: pre‐operative (post‐operative treatment for all men) A (50): pre‐operative PFMT for 2 weeks + post‐operative PFMT programme       B (50): post‐operative PFMT programme only Duration of treatment Follow‐up: 3.5, 4.5, 12, 13 and 13.5 months
Outcomes	Primary outcome (number of men with UI) Number of incontinent men (defined as using > 1 pad on pad test) 12 months: A 2/50; B 3/50 13 months: A 2/50; B2/50 Other outcomes Quality of life ICS male SF questionnaire, results not reported
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	“Patients were divided randomly”
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not reported. Therefore judged to be unclear risk
Blinding of participants (performance bias)	High risk	Blinding to treatment not possible
Blinding of personnel (performance bias)	Unclear risk	Not reported. Therefore judged to be unclear risk
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not reported. Therefore judged to be unclear risk
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not reported. Therefore judged to be unclear risk
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Protocol not available. Therefore judged to be unclear risk
Financial support	Low risk	None
Approved by medical ethics committee	Low risk	“Faculty of Physical Therapy Ethical committee, Cairo University”
Informed consent	Low risk	Yes
ITT analysis	Unclear risk	Not specified