Robinson 2009.

Methods	Randomisation: randomly assigned via sealed envelopes
Participants	Number of men 54 but no numbers in groups Recuitment: post‐operatively Included: radical prostatectomy, all with UI who were 50 + years, English speaking and were within a 50 mile radius of treatment centre Age: mean 59.5 (6.3) years
Interventions	Group A intervention: routine brief verbal and written PFMT plus one PFMT session and 3 weekly nurse phone calls Group B intervention: routine brief verbal and written PFMT plus four BF enhanced PFMT sessions and 4 weekly nurse phone calls Group C control: routine brief verbal and written PFMT Duration of treatment: 3 months Length of follow‐up: 9 months
Outcomes	Urine stream interruption test (PFM strength) Mishell Uncertainty in Illness Scale Broome Pelvic Muscle self‐Efficacy Scale UI frequency (3 day bladder diary) 24 hour pad test (volume of urine lost) Male Urogenital Distress Inventory (UI distress) Male Urinary Symptom Impact Questionnaire (QoL)
Notes	No useable data in abstract
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Via sealed envelopes
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No description. Therefore judged to be unclear risk
Blinding of participants (performance bias)	High risk	Blinding to intervention not possible
Blinding of personnel (performance bias)	Unclear risk	No description. Therefore judged to be unclear risk
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	No description. Therefore judged to be unclear risk
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	No description. Therefore judged to be unclear risk
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Protocol not available
Financial support	Low risk	"NIH/NINR"
Approved by medical ethics committee	Low risk	"Yes"
Informed consent	Low risk	"Following informed consent"
ITT analysis	Unclear risk	Not specified. Therefore judged to be unclear risk