Table 4. Multivariable Cox (proportional hazard) regression analysis for total cholesterol prognosticating stroke recurrence among first-ever stroke patients in Malaysia.
Models show estimated regression coefficient (b), standard error (SE), adjusted hazard ratios (Adj HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and the corresponding p-values (n = 8,576). The outcome variable was a time-to-event variable; where the event was stroke recurrence (present or absent) and the time was the number of years to develop the event.
| Variables | TC Model 1 (n = 5,062) |
TC Model 2 (n = 5,062) |
TC Model 3 (n = 5,062) |
TC Model 4 (n = 5,043) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| b (SE) | Adj HR (95% CI) |
b (SE) | Adj HR (95% CI) |
b (SE) | Adj HR (95% CI) |
b (SE) | Adj HR (95% CI) |
|
| Events | 241 | 241 | 241 | 240 | ||||
| Abnormal TC | 0.04 (0.15) | 1.04 (0.77, 1.38) |
0.23 (0.14) | 1.25 (0.95, 1.65) |
0.23 (0.14) | 1.26 (0.96, 1.66) |
0.19 (0.14) | 1.19 (0.90, 1.57) |
| Dyslipidemia | 0.65 (0.14) | 1.92* (1.47, 2.50) |
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| Hypertension | 0.44 (0.15) | 1.55* (1.15, 2.09) |
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| Diabetes Mellitus | 0.37 (0.13) | 1.45* (1.13, 1.87) |
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| Ethnic | 0.60 (0.22) | 1.81* (1.18, 2.80) |
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Notes.
HR, Hazard Ratio = exp (β); 95% CI = exp(β-1.965*SE(β)), exp(β+1.965*SE(β)).
*
level of significance, p = 0.05.
Abbreviations
- TC
- Total cholesterol
Interactions were unlikely.
Scaled and non-scaled Schoenfeld residuals test were applied to check the proportional hazard assumption of the model.