Table 2. List of traits used in the analyses, trait type (functional/ecological), variable type and categories/modalities used for categorical traits.

Trait	Trait type	Variable type	Trait categories/modalities (in case of categorical trait)
Longevity	Functional	CON
Age at maturity*	Functional	CON
Fecundity**	Functional	RAN
Gonochorism	Functional	CAT	Gonochoristic	Hermaphrodite
Maximum length	Functional	CON
Body shape	Functional	CAT	Flat	Long	Deep	Atractoid	Rounded
Optimal depth	Ecological	RAN
Optimal temperature	Ecological	RAN
Habitat type	Ecological	CAT	Pelagic	Benthic	Benthopelagic
Distribution	Ecological	CAT	Global	Temperate	Tropical	Subtropical
Seabed morphology	Ecological	CAT	Open sea	Soft	Hard	Variable
Spawning habitat	Ecological	CAT	Pelagic	Benthic
Temperature range	Ecological	CAT	Stenothermal	Eurythermal
Salinity range	Ecological	CAT	Stenohaline	Euryhaline
Depth range	Ecological	CAT	Eurybathic	Stenobathic
Seasonally migratory	Ecological	CAT	Migratory	Non-migratory
Trophic level	Functional	RAN
Diet	Functional	CAT	Herbivore	Zoobenthivore	Zoobenthivore- Hyperbenthos	Omnivore	Zooplankton	Piscivore
Spawning period	Functional	CAT	Winter	Spring	Summer	Autumn	All year
Feeding behaviour***	Functional	CAT	Grazer***	Active predator	Ambushing predator
Sociability	Functional	CAT	Schools	Shoals-large groups (>10)	Small groups (<∼10)	Solitary
Exposure	Functional	CAT	Free	Cryptic (permanently)	Cryptic (temporarily)
Mobility	Functional	CAT	Ambusher	Small	Medium	High

Notes.

CON

Continuous

RAN

Continuous, provided as a range for most/all species

CAT

Categorical

*

as % of maximum age

**

scale of eggs/juveniles per spawn, maximum value indicated

***

indicating that food items have negligible or low mobility related to predator