Yan‐hua 1993.

Methods	Allocation: randomised. Blindness: one group of pipothiazine and fluphenazine double blinded and one pipothiazine group non‐blinded. Duration: 6 months.
Participants	Diagnosis: schizophrenia. History: chronic illness. N=152. Age: range 26‐47 years. Sex: 79M, 60F. Setting: hospital.
Interventions	1. Pipothiazine palmitate: dose 50 mg/IM/2 weekly. N=102. 2. Fluphenazine decanoate: dose 25 mg/IM/2 weekly. N=50.
Outcomes	Mental state: BPRS. Leaving study early. Adverse effects: TESS.
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Allocation concealment?	Unclear risk	B ‐ Unclear

Diagnostic tools: 
 DSM ‐ Diagnostic Statistical Manual. 
 ICD‐9 ‐ International Classification of Diseases, version 9. 
 RDC ‐ Research Diagnostic Criteria.

Rating scales 
 Global impression: 
 CGI ‐ Clinical Global Impression.

Behaviour: 
 NOSIE ‐ Nurses Observational Scale of Inpatients Evaluation.

Mental state: 
 AMP ‐ No details available ‐ published, German language scale. 
 BPRS ‐ Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. 
 CPRS ‐ Comprehensive Psychiatric Rating Scale.

Side effects: 
 AIMS ‐ Abnormal Involuntary Movement Side effects. 
 DOTES ‐ Dosage Record & Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale. 
 EPMS ‐ Extrapyramidal Motor Side‐effects. 
 EPS ‐ Extrapyramidal Symptoms. 
 HRSD ‐ Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. 
 MARDRS‐ Montgomery‐Asberg Depression Rating Scale. 
 SAS ‐ Simpson and Angus Scale. 
 STESS ‐ Total Score of Side Effects Self Rating. 
 TESS/F ‐ Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale/Form. 
 TESE ‐ Treatment Emergent Side Effects. 
 UKU ‐ Side Effects Rating Scale. 
 ZDS ‐ Zung's depression Scale.

Work capacity: 
 ADL ‐ Activities of Daily Living. 
 SRE ‐ Schedule of Recent Events.