. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Feb 17.

Published in final edited form as: Lancet Public Health. 2020 Jan 16;5(2):e114–e126. doi: 10.1016/S2468-2667(19)30217-8

Table 3. Prevalence of use of specific substances in adolescents in detention and in the general population.

	Prevalence in detained adolescents (%)	Time period for past use^*	Lifetime prevalence in adolescents in the general population (%)
Alcohol	50·9–90·1%^{a13,a82–a85}	Past 1–12 months	6·0–45·0%^a30

Cannabis	45·0–80·4%^{a13,a82,a83,a86–a90}	Past 3 days to 12 months	6·0–42·0%^a91,a92

Amphetamines (including methamphetamine)	8·2–25·8%^{a85,a89,a93–a95}	Past 30 days to 3 months	0·0–12·0%^a92,a96

Crack cocaine	1·5–15·2%^a88,a93,a97	Past 1–4 months	0·7–2·7%^a92

Cocaine (powdered or unspecified)	5·4–37·0%^{a88,a89,a97,a98}	Past 3 days to 3 months	1·0–9·0%^a30,a96

Heroin	1·0–6·5%^a86,a88,a97	Past 3 days to 4 months	0·0–1·0%^a30,a96

Inhalants	4·3–14·3%^{a87,a89,a93,a97}	Past 4–6 months	8·0–11·0%^a92,a96^†

Any substance use disorder	..	..	7·0–11·0%^{a30,a101,a102}
Males	50·7% (49·9–60); 11·0–85·5%^{a6,a12,a41,a99,a100}^§	NA	..
Females	59·4% (45·0–75); 12·0–100·0%^{a6,a12,a41,a42,a99,a100}^§	NA	..

Any substance use disorder (excluding alcohol use)^†	9·4–60·0%^{a10,a99,a100,a103–a106}	NA	4·3–5·5%^a102

Alcohol use disorder	5·2–77·4%^{a33,a48,a59,a103,a106–a109}	NA	4·6–6·0%^a102

Cannabis use disorder	7·5–83·4%^{a6,a12,a59,a103,a106,a109,a110}	NA	3·1–3·9%^a102

For references see appendix (pp 15–29).

Includes time before detention or time before interview.

^†

Includes opiate abuse and dependence.

^‡

Includes amphetamine, cocaine, hallucinogen, inhalant, opiate, and sedative use disorders.

^§

Reported as median (IQR); range.