Table 1.
Characteristics of included RCTs (n=21)
| Author, year | Country | Intervention | Control | Treatment Duration (weeks) | CHR criterion | CHR Patients | Missing Data Methods | Reported Reasons for Attrition | End of Treatment Attrition % | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Age M±SD | Male N (%) | Inter-vention | Control | ||||||||
| Amisulpride | ||||||||||||
| Ruhrmann, 2007 | Germany | Amisulpride: Mean dose 188.7 mg/day + NFI | NFI | 12 | EIPS | 124 | 25.6±6.3 | 70 (57) | LOCF | Yes | 29% | 46% |
| Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) | ||||||||||||
| Addington, 2011 | Canada | CBT | Supportive therapy | 24 | SIPS | 51 | CBT: 20.8±4.5 Supportive: 21.1±3.7 |
36 (71) | GLM | Yes | 30% | 33% |
| Van der Gaag, 2012 | Nether-lands | CBT + TAU | TAU | 24 | CAARMS | 196 | CBT: 22.7±5.6 TAU: 22.6±5.4 |
97 (49) | LOCF, MI | Yes | 14% | 13% |
| Morrison, 2004 | United Kingdom | CBT | Monitoring | 24 | PANSS | 58 | 22±4.5 | 40 (69) | NR | Yes | 30% | 30% |
| Morrison, 2012 | United Kingdom | CBT + monitoring | Monitoring | 24 | CAARMS | 288 | 20.7±4.3 | 180 (63) | GLM | Yes | 33% | 31% |
| Stain, 2016 | Australia, New Zealand | CBT + TAU | NDRL | 24 | CAARMS | 57 | CBT: 16.2±2.7 NDRL: 16.5±3.2 |
23 (40) | NR | No | 43% | 37% |
| Cognitive Remediation Therapy (CRT) | ||||||||||||
| Choi, 2016 | USA | CR | Tablet games | 8 | SIPS | 62 | CR: 18.2±3.8 Control: 18.5±3.7 |
30 (49) | NR | No | 10% | 3% |
| Loewy, 2016 | USA | CR | Computer games | 8 | SIPS | 83 | CR: 17.8±3.1 Control: 18.7±4.6 |
42 (51) | GLM | No | 38% | 48% |
| Piskulic, 2015 | Canada | CR | Computer games | 12 | SIPS | 32 | CR: 19.7±5.7 Control: 17.5±3.5 |
21 (66) | GLM | Yes | 52% | 40% |
| Piskulic, 2017 | Canada | CR + Motivational Interviewing | CR | 10 | SIPS | 12 | 19.5±NR | 5 (42) | NR | No | 29% | 20% |
| Family Therapy | ||||||||||||
| Miklowitz, 2014 | Canada, USA | FFT | Enhanced care | 24 | SIPS | 129 | 17.4±4.1 | 74 (57) | NR | No | 17% | 25% |
| Interpersonal therapies (IPT) | ||||||||||||
| Albert, 2016 | Denmark | IPT | TAU | 104 | ICD-10 | 83 | 26.6±4.4 | 38 (46) | MI | Yes | 23% | 34% |
| Bechdolf, 2012 | Germany | IPT | Supportive counselling | 52 | EIPS | 128 | IPT: 25.2±5.4 Supportive: 26.8±6.2 |
81 (63) | NR | Yes | 19% | 12% |
| Nordentoft, 2006 | Denmark | IPT | TAU | 104 | ICD-10 | 79 | 24.9±4.9 | 53 (67) | NR | No | 14% | 22% |
| N-Methyl-D-Aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR) | ||||||||||||
| Kantrowitz, 2016 | USA | D-serine: 60 mg/kg | Placebo | 16 | SIPS | 35 | D-serine: 20±4.9 placebo: 19±3.5 |
23 (65) | GLM | Yes | 55% | 54% |
| Olanzapine | ||||||||||||
| McGlashan, 2006 | Canada, USA | Olanzapine: 5–15 mg/day | Placebo | 52 | SIPS | 60 | Olanzapine:18.2±5.5 Placebo: 17.2±4.0 |
39 (65) | LOCF | Yes | 55% | 35% |
| Omega-3 | ||||||||||||
| Amminger, 2010 | Austria | Omega-3 PUFA: 1.2 g/day | Placebo | 12 | PANSS | 81 | Omega: 16.8±2.4 Placebo: 16.0±1.7 |
27 (33) | LOCF | Yes | 7% | 5% |
| Cadenhead, 2017* | Canada, USA | Omega-3:740 mg EPA, 400 mg DHA/day | Placebo | 24 | SIPS | 127 | 18.8±NR | 71 (56) | GLM | No | 45% | 39% |
| McGorry, 2017 | Multi-national | Omega-3 ω−3 PUFA: 1.4 g/day + CBCM | Placebo + CBCM | 24 | CAARMS | 304 | Omega: 19.4±4.8 Placebo: 18.9±4.3 |
139 (46) | GLM | Yes | 25% | 26% |
| Risperidone + CBT | ||||||||||||
| McGorry, 2013 | Australia | Risperidone: 0.5–2 mg/day + CBT or CBT + placebo | Supportive therapy + placebo | 52 | CAARMS | 115 | 18.1±3.0 | 45 (39) | NR | Yes | Risperidone + CBT: 30%; CBT + placebo 25% | Supportive therapy + placebo: 21% |
| Ziprasidone | ||||||||||||
| Woods, 2017* | USA | Ziprasidone: 20–160 mg/d | Placebo | 24 | SIPS | 51 | 22.3±4.2 | 32(64) | NR | No | 63% | 52% |
Abbreviations: CAARMS=Comprehensive assessment of at-risk mental states; CBCM=Cognitive-behavioral case management; CBT=cognitive behavioral therapy; CRT=cognitive remediation therapy; DHA=docosahexaenoic acid; EIPS=Early initial prodromal state; EPA=eicosapentaenoic acid; FFT=Family focused therapy; GLM=generalized linear model; ICD=International code of disease; IPT=Interpersonal therapies; MI=multiple imputation; NDRL=Non Directive Reflective Listening; NFI=needs focused intervention; NR=not reported; PANSS=Positive and negative syndrome scale; PUFA =polyunsaturated fatty acid; RCT=Randomized controlled trial; SIPS=Structured Interview of Psychosis-risk Syndromes; TAU=treatment as usual; USA=United States of America
Abstract only.