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. 2020 Feb 17;3:21. doi: 10.1038/s41746-020-0224-8

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — a Proportion of participants in each cluster across the study apps, b Participants total app usage duration(between 1–84 days) and the number of days participants completed tasks in the study apps, c Significant differences [F(4,163) = 18.5, P = 1.4e-12] in the age groups of participants across five clusters and d Significant differences [F(2,81) = 28.5, P = 4.1e-10] in proportion of minority population present in the five clusters. C5* cluster contains the participants that used the apps for less than a week and were removed from the clustering; however, they were added back for accurate proportional comparison of participants in each cluster. The centerline of the boxplots shows the median value across the studies for each cluster and upper and lower whisker corresponds to the outlier point that is at least 1.5 times the interquartile range.