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. 2020 Jan 21;10:14. doi: 10.1038/s41398-020-0683-3

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — The phase angle is calculated as the difference between the time of sleep onset (measured by actigraphy) and the time of dim light melatonin onset (DLMO, measured with salivary melatonin), with a wider phase angle indicating a greater lag between melatonin onset and the participant’s sleep onset time. a A significant positive correlation (p = 0.018) between third trimester phase angle and manic/hypomanic symptomatology measured at 2 weeks postpartum. b A significant positive correlation (p = 0.032) between third trimester phase angle and obsessive-compulsive symptoms at 6 weeks postpartum. This indicates that a later bedtime (relative to internal circadian clock) during the third trimester of pregnancy is associated with increased hypomanic/manic and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in the early postpartum.